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Direct detection of exoplanets from the ground: the SPHERE project

机译：从地面直接探测系外行星：SPHERE项目

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摘要

Direct detection cmd spectral characterization of exoplanets is one of the most exciting but also one of the most challenging areas in current astronomy. In this framework, the SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetry High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch) instrument is currently being designed and should equip one of the four 8-m telescopes of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (ESO VLT) at Paranal (Chile). The main scientific objective of SPHERE is to detect photons from giant exoplanets (between 1 and 20 Jupiter masses). Once detected, a preliminary characterization will be made of the planet's atmosphere (clouds, dust content, methane, water absorption, etc). In addition, a large number of stars (typically a few hundred) have to be surveyed in order to get meaningful statistical data. Such extremely challenging scientific objectives call for a relatively complex high-contrast instru-ment integrating coronagraphic and smart imaging capabilities that are essential for achieving the high contrast (close to the optical axis) required for detecting extrasolar planets directly from the ground.
机译：直接探测系外行星的cmd光谱表征是当前天文学中最令人兴奋的领域之一，也是最具挑战性的领域之一。在此框架下，目前正在设计SPHERE（光谱-高对比度系外行星研究）仪器，并应在Paranal（智利）配备欧洲南部天文台超大型望远镜（ESO VLT）的四副8米望远镜之一。 SPHERE的主要科学目的是探测巨大的系外行星（在1至20个木星质量之间）的光子。一旦检测到，将对行星大气（云，尘埃含量，甲烷，吸水率等）进行初步表征。另外，为了获得有意义的统计数据，必须对大量恒星（通常是几百颗）进行测量。这种极富挑战性的科学目标要求将日冕仪和智能成像功能相结合的相对复杂的高对比度仪器，这对于实现直接从地面探测太阳系外行星所需的高对比度（接近光轴）至关重要。

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