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The Rio File Cache: Surviving Operating System Crashes

机译：Rio文件高速缓存：幸存的操作系统崩溃

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摘要

One of the fundamental limits to high-performance, high-reliability file systems is memory's vulnerability to system crashes. Because memory is viewed as unsafe, systems periodically write data back to disk. The extra disk traffic lowers performance, and the delay period before data is safe lowers reliability. The goal of the Rio (RAM I/O) file cache is to make ordinary main memory safe for persistent storage by enabling memory to survive operating system crashes. Reliable memory enables a system to achieve the best of both worlds: reliability equivalent to a write-through file cache, where every write is instantly safe, and performance equivalent to a pure write-back cache, with no reliability-induced writes to disk. To achieve reliability, we protect memory during a crash and restore it during a reboot (a "warm" reboot). Extensive crash tests show that even without protection, warm reboot enables memory to achieve reliability close to that of a write-through file system. Adding protection makes memory even safer than a write-through file system while adding essentially no overhead. By eliminating reliability-induced disk writes, Rio performs 4-22 times as fast as a write-through file system, 2-14 times as fast as a standard Unix file system, and 1-3 times as fast as an optimized system that risks losing 30 seconds of data and metadata.
机译：高性能，高可靠性文件系统的基本限制之一是内存对系统崩溃的脆弱性。由于内存被认为是不安全的，因此系统会定期将数据写回到磁盘。额外的磁盘流量会降低性能，而在数据安全之前的延迟时间会降低可靠性。 Rio（RAM I / O）文件缓存的目标是通过使内存能够在操作系统崩溃后幸存下来，从而使普通主内存对于持久存储的安全性。可靠的内存使系统能够同时兼顾两方面的优势：可靠性等同于直写式文件高速缓存，其中每个写入均立即安全；以及性能等同于纯回写式高速缓存，而没有由可靠性引起的对磁盘的写入。为了实现可靠性，我们在崩溃期间保护内存，并在重新引导（“热”重新引导）期间将其还原。大量的崩溃测试表明，即使没有保护，热启动也可以使内存达到接近于直写文件系统的可靠性。增加保护功能使内存比直写文件系统更加安全，同时基本上不增加开销。通过消除由可靠性引起的磁盘写操作，Rio的执行速度是直写文件系统的4-22倍，是标准Unix文件系统的2-14倍，是优化系统的1-3倍。丢失30秒的数据和元数据。

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