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Effects of Buffering Semantics on I/O Performance

机译：缓冲语义对I / O性能的影响

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摘要

We present a novel taxonomy that characterizes in a structured way the software and hardware tradeoffs for I/O data passing between applications and operating system. This work contributes new techniques, input-disabled pageout, transient output copy-on-write, and input alignment, that are used for copy avoidance in an optimized buffering semantics, emulated copy. Emulated copy offers the same API and integrity guarantees as those of copy semantics and, therefore, can transparently replace it. We implemented an I/O framework, Genie, that allows applications to select any semantics in the taxonomy. Using Genie for communication between PCs and AlphaStations over an ATM network at 155 Mbps, we found that all non-copy semantics performed similarly, and that only copy semantics had distinctly inferior performance. We analyzed end-to-end latencies in terms of the costs of primitive data passing operations and modeled how those costs scale with CPU, memory, and network speeds. The analysis suggests that current trends tend to intensify the observed performance clustering. The main conclusion is that existing I/O interfaces with copy semantics, such as that of Unix, can be transparently converted to emulated copy semantics and thus achieve performance comparable to the best obtainable with any semantics in the taxonomy.
机译：我们提出了一种新颖的分类法，以结构化的方式描述了在应用程序和操作系统之间传递的I / O数据的软件和硬件折衷。这项工作为新技术做出了贡献，包括禁用输入的页面输出，瞬时输出写时复制和输入对齐，这些技术用于以优化的缓冲语义（模拟副本）避免复制。仿真副本提供与副本语义相同的API和完整性保证，因此可以透明地替换它。我们实现了一个I / O框架Genie，该框架允许应用程序选择分类法中的任何语义。使用Genie以155 Mbps的速度通过ATM网络在PC和AlphaStation之间进行通信，我们发现所有非复制语义的表现都相似，并且只有复制语义的性能明显较差。我们根据原始数据传递操作的成本分析了端到端延迟，并对这些成本如何随CPU，内存和网络速度扩展进行了建模。分析表明，当前趋势倾向于加强观察到的性能聚类。主要结论是，具有复制语义的现有I / O接口（例如Unix的接口）可以透明地转换为模拟的复制语义，从而获得与分类法中任何语义可获得的最佳性能相当的性能。

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