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Exokernel: An Operating System Architecture for Application-Level Resource Management

机译：Exokernel：用于应用程序级资源管理的操作系统体系结构

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摘要

Traditional operating systems limit the performance, flexibility, and functionality of applications by fixing the interface and implementation of operating system abstractions such as interprocess communication and virtual memory. The exokernel operating system architecture addresses this problem by providing application-level management of physical resources. In the exokernel architecture, a small kernel securely exports all hardware resources through a low-level interface to untrusted library operating systems. Library operating systems use this interface to implement system objects and policies. This separation of resource protection from management allows application-specific customization of traditional operating system abstractions by extending, specializing, or even replacing libraries. We have implemented a prototype exokernel operating system. Measurements show that most primitive kernel operations (such as exception handling and protected control transfer) are ten to 100 times fasterthan in Ultrix, a mature monolithic UNIX operating system. In addition, we demonstrate that an exokernel allows applications to control machine resources in ways not possible in traditional operating systems. For instance, virtual memory and interprocess communication abstractions are implemented entirely within an application-level library. Measurements show that application-level virtual memory and interprocess communication primitives are five to 40 times faster than Ultrix's kernel primitives. Compared to state-of-the-art implementations from the literature, the prototype exokernel system is at least five times faster on operations such as exception dispatching and interprocess communication.
机译：传统操作系统通过固定接口和操作系统抽象（例如进程间通信和虚拟内存）的实现来限制应用程序的性能，灵活性和功能。外部内核操作系统体系结构通过提供物理资源的应用程序级管理来解决此问题。在exokernel体系结构中，小型内核通过低级接口将所有硬件资源安全地导出到不受信任的库操作系统。库操作系统使用此接口来实现系统对象和策略。资源保护与管理的这种分离允许通过扩展，专门化甚至替换库来对传统操作系统抽象进行特定于应用程序的定制。我们已经实现了原型exokernel操作系统。测量表明，大多数原始内核操作（例如异常处理和受保护的控制传输）比Ultrix（成熟的单片UNIX操作系统）快10到100倍。此外，我们证明了exokernel允许应用程序以传统操作系统中无法实现的方式控制机器资源。例如，虚拟内存和进程间通信抽象完全在应用程序级库中实现。测量表明，应用程序级虚拟内存和进程间通信原语比Ultrix的内核原语快5至40倍。与文献中的最新实现相比，原型exokernel系统在诸如异常分派和进程间通信之类的操作上至少快五倍。

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