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Effect of Yagi-Uda nano-antenna element shape on the directivity and radiation efficiency

机译：八木宇田纳米天线元件形状对方向性和辐射效率的影响

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In this paper, different optimal designs of Yagi-Uda nano-antennas (NAs) are introduced and analyzed based on different element shapes to maximize the directivity and radiation efficiency. The studied element shapes include triangular, hexagonal, cube, square, rotated square, rectangular, ellipsoid, and elliptical cylinder shapes. The NAs parameters for each design are optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve high directivity at a wavelength of 500nm for wireless point-to-point applications. The designs are numerically analysed using 3-D finite difference time domain method (3-D FDTD) via Lumerical software package. To illustrate the performance of the proposed antennas, different radiation parameters such as radiation pattern, directivity, and radiation efficiency have been studied. Moreover, a tolerance of +/- 5% is calculated to consider the imperfections that may appear in the fabrication process at a nanoscale. The optimized rectangular prism NA achieves the highest directivity of 24.21 with an efficiency of 50.74%. However, the optimized triangular prism NA has the highest efficiency of 73% with a directivity of 20.89. This enhancement is mainly attributed to the efficient coupling between array elements along with low side lobe level. However, a trade-off between directivity and radiation efficiency is obtained by the hexagonal prism NA with directivity of 21.9 and radiation efficiency of 69.1%.
机译：本文基于不同的元件形状，介绍并分析了八木宇田纳米天线的不同优化设计，以最大程度地提高方向性和辐射效率。研究的元素形状包括三角形，六边形，立方体，正方形，旋转正方形，矩形，椭圆形和椭圆圆柱形状。使用微粒群优化算法对每种设计的NAs参数进行了优化，以在无线点对点应用中实现500nm波长的高方向性。通过Lumerical软件包，使用3-D有限差分时域方法（3-D FDTD）对设计进行数值分析。为了说明所提出的天线的性能，已经研究了不同的辐射参数，例如辐射方向图，方向性和辐射效率。此外，计算出+/- 5％的公差以考虑在纳米尺寸的制造过程中可能出现的缺陷。优化的矩形棱镜NA达到24.21的最高方向性，效率为50.74％。但是，优化的三角棱镜NA的最高效率为73％，方向性为20.89。这种增强主要归因于阵列元素之间的有效耦合以及较低的旁瓣电平。然而，通过具有方向性为21.9且辐​​射效率为69.1％的六边形棱镜NA获得了方向性与辐射效率之间的权衡。

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