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Transient gain dynamics in saturated Raman amplifiers

机译：饱和拉曼放大器中的瞬态增益动态

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摘要

This paper provides a detailed analysis of transient gain dynamics in saturated Raman amplifiers fed by wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals. Such dynamics are due to a pump saturation effect, known as pump-mediated signal-to-signal crosstalk, which is equivalent to the well-known cross-gain modulation in EDFAs. We provide for the first time a simple block-diagram model of the Raman amplifier, whose state is represented by the relative pumps depletion sensed by the signals. With such model, we are able to prove that the time constants of the Raman gain transients are of the same order as the pump-signal walk-off times. For counter-propagating pumps, the model is very accurate in predicting both the steady-state gain and the transient gain dynamics, with more than an order of magnitude improvement in computation time with respect to the direct solution of the signals and pumps propagation equations. The value of such model is therefore in the simulation of dynamic WDM networking scenarios in which the input powers have large swings in time. The model also extends to the co-propagating pump and well captures the time constants involved in the transients, although the accuracy in the predicted power levels is worse than that of the counter-propagating pump case.
机译：本文详细分析了由波分复用（WDM）信号馈入的饱和拉曼放大器中的瞬态增益动态。这种动态是由于泵饱和效应所致，这种效应被称为泵介导的信号间串扰，等效于EDFA中众所周知的交叉增益调制。我们首次提供了拉曼放大器的简单方框图模型，其状态由信号感测到的相对泵损耗表示。利用这种模型，我们可以证明拉曼增益瞬变的时间常数与泵浦信号的走动时间处于同一数量级。对于反向传播的泵，该模型在预测稳态增益和瞬态增益动态方面都非常准确，相对于信号和泵传播方程的直接解，其计算时间缩短了多个数量级。因此，这种模型的价值在于对动态WDM网络场景的仿真，在这种情况下，输入功率随时间变化很大。该模型还扩展到共传播泵，并且很好地捕获了瞬变中涉及的时间常数，尽管预测功率水平的精度比反向传播泵的情况差。

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