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Undiscovered issues and solutions for direct detected Φ-OTDR systems

机译：未被发现的直接检测φ-OTDR系统的问题和解决方案

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摘要

Time and spatial domains in phi-OTDR perturbation detection and recognition for pipeline and border security applications in very long fiber under test (FUT) environments have not been properly analyzed so far. We propose in this paper several issues and the corresponding solutions that should be considered in both domains when developing those applications. Solutions are based on: (1) the importance of differential signals in direct detected phi-OTDR systems; (2) dealing with the useless data acquired in the time domain; (3) dealing with the zero and ghost energy points along the FUT which will undoubtedly lead to hiding the real perturbation and reducing the potential of finding the exact location of the perturbation, respectively. Experimental results show that: (1) setting the appropriate experimental conditions (i.e., increasing the intensity of the perturbation and sampling at the minimum sampling rate that satisfies the Nyquist criterion) is a must; (2) the Kendall correlation based technique on differential signals allows obtaining more significant data traces both in time and spatial domains; (3) combining both methods obtains further gains; (4) S-Scan algorithm accurately provides the time instant of the real perturbation by increasing the probability of detecting zero energy points and avoiding ghost energy points in further processing.
机译：迄今为止，迄今为止，Phi-Otdr扰动检测和管道和边境安全应用中的管道和边界安全应用的时间和空间域尚未得到适当分析的。我们在本文中提出了几个问题和相应的解决方案，在开发这些应用程序时应该在两个域中考虑。解决方案基于：（1）直接检测PHI-OTDR系统中差分信号的重要性; （2）处理在时域中获取的无用数据; （3）处理沿FUT的零和鬼能量点，无疑会导致隐藏真正的扰动并减少发现扰动的确切位置的可能性。实验结果表明：（1）设定适当的实验条件（即，增加满足奈奎斯特标准的最小采样率的扰动和采样的强度）是必须的; （2）基于KENDALL相关性的差分信号的技术允许在时间和空间域中获得更大的数据迹线; （3）组合两种方法获得进一步的收益; （4）S扫描算法通过增加检测零能点的概率并避免进一步处理中的鬼能量点来精确地提供真实扰动的时间瞬间。

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