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首页> 外文期刊>Oryx >How to detect an elusive aquatic mammal in complex environments? A study of the Endangered Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in French Guiana
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How to detect an elusive aquatic mammal in complex environments? A study of the Endangered Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in French Guiana

机译：如何在复杂的环境中检测出难以捉摸的水生哺乳动物？濒危的安的列斯海牛Trichechus manatus manatus在法属圭亚那的研究

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The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus is a cryptic mammal that inhabits, among other areas, murky rivers and estuaries of Central and South America. The difficulty in detecting and counting manatees is an obstacle to monitoring their population status, as traditional count sampling is unsuitable. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the distribution and abundance of the manatee across its known range in the rivers and estuaries of French Guiana, based on data from a range-wide line transect visual survey combined with a side-scan sonar survey, identification of feeding sites, and silent observations at fixed points. A total effective effort of 248 hours and 1,129 km of boat survey was completed. We used two relative abundance indices: the combined encounter rate, which combines encounters per km from either visual or side-scan sonar surveys, and the global detection index, which is defined as the sum of all evidence per unit time. Manatees were detected in all nine study units. Niche modelling was used to analyse the space selection by manatees, and helped to detect differential use of habitats according to the season. The model predicted that coastal areas are used more extensively during the dry season. In the absence of better techniques to detect wild manatees in complex habitats this monitoring protocol may be relevant and replicable in hydrological systems where manatee detectability is constrained by biogeographical characteristics.
机译：Antillean海牛Trichechus manatus manatus是一种神秘的哺乳动物，除其他地区外，栖息于中美洲和南美洲的阴暗河流和河口。由于传统的计数抽样方法不合适，因此难以检测和计数海牛成为监测其种群状况的障碍。我们根据法线圭亚那河流和河口中海牛在已知范围内的分布和丰度进行了定量分析，其依据是全线横断面视觉调查，侧扫声纳调查，饲料识别的数据地点，并在固定点进行静默观察。完成了总计248小时的有效工作和1,129公里的船艇调查。我们使用了两个相对丰度指数：组合遭遇率，将视觉或侧面扫描声纳测量中每公里的遭遇数相结合；以及全局探测指数，其定义为每单位时间所有证据的总和。在所有九个研究单位中均检测到海牛。生态位建模被用来分析海牛的空间选择，并帮助发现不同季节栖息地的不同用途。该模型预测在干旱季节沿海地区将得到更广泛的利用。在缺乏更好的技术来检测复杂栖息地中的野生海牛的情况下，该监测方案可能是相关的，并且在水文系统中具有可复制性，在该系统中海牛的可检测性受到生物地理特征的限制。

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