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Are sacred caves stiff safe havens for the endemic bats of Madagascar?

机译：神圣的山洞是否是马达加斯加特有蝙蝠的避风港？

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摘要

Despite conservation discourses in Madagascar increasingly emphasizing the role of customary institutions for wildlife management, we know relatively little about their effectiveness. Here, we used semi-structured interviews with 54 adults in eight villages to investigate whether sacred caves and taboos offer conservation benefits for cave-dwelling bats in and around Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, south-west Madagascar. Although some caves were described as sites of spiritual significance for the local communities, most interviewees (c. 76%) did not recognize their present-day sacred status. Similarly, only 22% of the interviewees recognized taboos inhibiting bat hunting and consumption. Legal protection of bats and caves through protected areas was often more widely acknowledged than customary regulations, although up to 30% of the interviewees reported consumption of bats within their communities. Guano extraction was often tolerated in sacred caves in exchange for economic compensation. This may benefit bat conservation by creating incentives for bat protection, although extraction is often performed through destructive and exploitative practices with little benefit for local communities. In view of these results our study questions the extent to which sacred sites, taboos and protected areas offer protection for bats in Madagascar. These results support previous studies documenting the erosion of customary institutions in Madagascar, including the loss of the spiritual values underpinning sacred sites. Given that many Malagasy bats are cave-dwelling species and that most depend on the customary protection of these sites, it is important to obtain a better understanding of the complex interactions between spiritual practices, taboos and protected areas in sustaining bat diversity.
机译：尽管马达加斯加的保护论点越来越强调习惯机构在野生动植物管理中的作用，但我们对其有效性的了解相对较少。在这里，我们对八个村庄的54名成年人进行了半结构化访谈，调查了马达加斯加西南部Tsimanampetsotsa国家公园及其周围地区，神圣的洞穴和禁忌区是否为栖居蝙蝠提供保护效益。尽管有些洞穴被描述为对当地社区具有精神重要性的地点，但大多数受访者（约占76％）不认识他们目前的神圣地位。同样，只有22％的受访者认识到禁忌会抑制蝙蝠的狩猎和消费。通过保护区对蝙蝠和洞穴的法律保护通常比习惯法规得到更广泛的认可，尽管多达30％的受访者表示在其社区内食用了蝙蝠。为了获得经济补偿，通常在神圣的洞穴中容忍提取鸟粪。尽管通常通过破坏性和剥削性的方式进行提取，但这对蝙蝠的保护可能会通过创造保护蝙蝠的诱因而受益，尽管对当地社区的收益很小。鉴于这些结果，我们的研究质疑在马达加斯加，神圣场所，禁忌区和保护区在多大程度上为蝙蝠提供了保护。这些结果支持以前的研究，这些研究记录了马达加斯加习惯制度的侵蚀，包括丧失了神圣场所的精神价值。鉴于许多马达加斯加蝙蝠是洞穴栖居物种，并且大多数依赖于这些地点的惯常保护，因此，重要的是要更好地了解精神习俗，禁忌和保护区之间的复杂相互作用，以维持蝙蝠的多样性。

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