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Snake charming and the exploitation of snakes in Morocco

机译：摩洛哥的蛇魅力与蛇的开发

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摘要

Traditional activities that potentially threaten biodiversity represent a challenge to conservationists as they try to reconcile the cultural dimensions of such activities. Quantifying the impact of traditional activities on biodiversity is always helpful for decision making in conservation. In the case of snake charming in Morocco, the practice was introduced there 500 years ago by the religious order the Aissawas, and is now an attraction in the country's growing tourism industry. As a consequence wild snake populations may be threatened by overexploitation. The focal species for snake charming, the Egyptian cobra Naja haje, is undergoing both range and population declines. We estimated the level of exploitation of snakes based on field surveys and questionnaires administered to Aissawas during 2003-2014, and compared our results with those of a study conducted 25 years previously. Aissawas use four venomous and four non-venomous species for snake charming and we estimate they harvest a minimum of 4,500 individuals annually, mostly venomous snakes. For exhibition purposes they selectively remove the largest specimens from the wild (i.e. those that could have the highest reproductive output). Compared to the previous data, we detected (1) a reduction in the number of species collected, (2) an increased distance to collecting fields, and (3) an increase in the market price for snakes, after correction for accumulated inflation, signifying a higher demand for these animals.
机译：可能威胁生物多样性的传统活动对环境保护主义者构成挑战，因为他们试图调和此类活动的文化层面。量化传统活动对生物多样性的影响始终有助于保护方面的决策。就摩洛哥的迷人蛇而言，这种习俗是500年前由Aissawas的宗教命令引入那里的，如今已成为该国不断发展的旅游业的吸引力。结果，野生蛇种群可能受到过度开发的威胁。吸引人的蛇是埃及眼镜蛇眼镜蛇（Naja haje），其种类和种群均在减少。我们根据2003年至2014年间向Aissawas进行的实地调查和问卷调查估计了蛇的剥削水平，并将我们的结果与25年前的研究结果进行了比较。 Aissawas使用4种有毒和4种非有毒物种来吸引蛇，我们估计它们每年至少收获4,500只个体，其中大多数是有毒蛇。为了展览的目的，他们有选择地从野外去除了最大的标本（即那些可能具有最高繁殖产量的标本）。与以前的数据相比，我们发现（1）收集的物种数量减少了；（2）到收集地的距离增加了；（3）在对累积通货膨胀进行校正之后，蛇的市场价格提高了，这表明对这些动物的需求更高。

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