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An irruption interrupted: eradication of wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo from Santa Cruz Island, California

机译：中断打扰：消灭加州圣克鲁斯岛的野生火鸡Meleagris gallopavo

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Eradication of introduced species is often necessary to conserve native biota on islands. Seven wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo were introduced to Santa Cruz Island, California, in 1975 and the population began to irrupt in the early 2000s. Turkeys posed a variety of threats to native species, including that they could replace the previously eradicated population of feral pigs Sus scrofa as a prey subsidy for golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos, which through incidental predation had driven three subspecies of island fox Urocyon littoralis to near extinction. We implemented a four-phase programme to eradicate the turkey population, based on general principles for eradication efforts. For example, we focused on preventing individual turkeys from becoming aware of our methods, which increased the likelihood we would be able to detect and dispatch all of the birds. Leveraging the tendency of turkeys to aggregate during winter, we used baited drop nets, precision shooting, and monitoring of surgically sterilized, radio-telemetered 'Judas turkeys' to eliminate the population. We estimate the population comprised 310 individuals when the project began in 2006 and that the last bird died in December 2012. Methods used in this project could be applied to other alien bird eradication programmes, of which there are few examples in the scientific literature.
机译：经常有必要消灭引进物种，以保护岛屿上的原生生物。 1975年，七只野火鸡Meleagris gallopavo被引入加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯岛，并在2000年代初开始激进化。土耳其对本地物种构成了各种威胁，包括它们可以取代先前被淘汰的野猪Sus scrofa作为金鹰天鹰座chrysaetos的猎物补贴，通过偶然的捕食，该物种使岛狐的三个亚种Urocyon littoralis濒临灭绝。 。根据根除工作的一般原则，我们实施了一个四阶段计划来消灭火鸡种群。例如，我们专注于防止单个火鸡了解我们的方法，这增加了我们能够检测和分发所有鸟类的可能性。利用火鸡在冬季聚集的趋势，我们使用了诱饵的吊网，精确的射击以及对经过手术灭菌，无线电遥测的“犹大火鸡”的监视，以消除种群。我们估计该项目于2006年开始时的人口总数为310人，最后一只鸟于2012年12月死亡。该项目中使用的方法可以应用于其他消灭外来鸟类计划，科学文献中几乎没有这样的例子。

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