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首页> 外文期刊>Oryx >Effects of livestock on guanaco Lama guanicoe density, movements and habitat selection in a forest-grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile
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Effects of livestock on guanaco Lama guanicoe density, movements and habitat selection in a forest-grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile

机译：牲畜对智利火地岛森林草地马赛克中的骆马驼鸟的鸟粪密度，运动和生境选择的影响

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摘要

Locally abundant ungulates often come into conflict with human activities. After a population collapse that reached its nadir in the 1970s, the guanaco Lama guanicoe population in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, recovered and is now in conflict with sheep ranching and commercial logging. We studied the effects of livestock density and environmental factors on guanaco abundance and spatial ecology, using seasonal counts and radio-telemetry in a private protected area (Karukinka) and neighbouring ranches in a forest-grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego. Guanaco density was highest in low-elevation areas with more grassland cover and little snow accumulation in winter. In low-elevation areas, guanaco density decreased with increasing livestock density. Radio-tracked guanacos exhibited a partial migration pattern: two individuals migrated seasonally, selecting grasslands and avoiding forests mainly in summer, whereas six sedentary individuals used habitats according to their availability. Migratory guanacos spent the summer in Karukinka and winter on nearby ranches. High sheep densities and poor range condition on the ranches reduce key forage resources available to guanacos and may promote use of forests by guanacos, affecting forest regeneration and increasing conflict with logging. Current guanaco harvest by loggers may fail to reduce the impact of guanacos on logged-forest regeneration if guanaco spatial ecology and sheep management are not considered. Our results provide insight into the interactions among guanacos, forests and livestock ranching, and may be used to reduce conflicts and guide conservation in the Fuegian ecosystem.
机译：当地丰富的有蹄类动物经常与人类活动发生冲突。在1970年代人口崩溃达到最低点之后，智利火地岛的鬣蜥喇嘛鸟种群恢复了，现在与牧场和商业伐木相冲突。我们使用季节计数和无线电遥测技术，在私人保护区（Karukinka）和火地岛的森林-草原马赛克中的邻近牧场中，研究了牲畜密度和环境因素对鬣蜥丰度和空间生态的影响。在海拔较低的地区，冬季有较多的草地覆盖和很少的积雪，瓜纳科地区的密度最高。在低海拔地区，骆驼密度随着牲畜密度的增加而降低。无线电跟踪的鬣蜥呈现出部分迁徙模式：两个人季节性迁徙，主要在夏季迁徙，选择草地并避开森林，而六个久坐的人根据其可利用性使用栖息地。迁徙的骆驼在卡鲁金卡度过了夏天，在附近的牧场度过了冬天。高绵羊密度和牧场上较差的放牧条件减少了可供骆驼使用的主要牧草资源，并可能促使骆驼使用森林，影响森林更新并增加与伐木的冲突。如果不考虑骆驼科空间生态学和绵羊管理，伐木工人目前的骆驼科采伐可能无法减少骆驼科对原木更新的影响。我们的结果提供了对骆驼，森林和牲畜牧场之间相互作用的深刻见解，可用于减少冲突和指导福建生态系统的保护。

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