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Estimating the abundance of Nepal's largest population of tigers Panthera tigris

机译：估算尼泊尔最大老虎虎的数量

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摘要

Information on the abundance of tigers Panthera tigris is essential for effective conservation of the species. The main aim of this study was to determine the status of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, including the Churia hills, using a camera-trap based mark-recapture abundance estimate. Camera traps (n = 310) were placed in an area of 1,261 km(2) from 20 January to 22 March 2010. The study area was divided into three blocks and each block was trapped for 19-21 days, with a total effort of 3,582 man-days, 170 elephant-days and 4,793 camera-trap nights. The effectively camera-trapped area was 2,596 km(2). Camera stations were located 1.5-2 km apart. Sixty-two tigers (age >= 1.5 years), comprising 15 males, 41 females and six of unidentified sex, were identified from 344 photographs. The heterogeneity model Mh (jackknife) was the best fit for the capture history data. A capture probability ((P) over cap) of 0.05 was obtained, generating a population estimate ((N) over cap) of 125 +/- SE 21.8 tigers. The density of tigers in the area, including Churia and Barandabhar (buffer zone forest linked with mid hill forest), was estimated to be 4.5 +/- SE 0.35 tigers per 100 km(2), using a Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture model in SPACECAP. Our study showed the use of Churia by tigers and we therefore conclude that the Chitwan tiger population serves as a source to maintain tiger occupancy of the larger landscape that comprises Chitwan National Park, Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Barandabhar buffer zone, Someswor forest in Nepal and Valmiki Tiger Reserve in India.
机译：关于虎豹的丰富信息对于有效保护该物种至关重要。这项研究的主要目的是使用基于相机陷阱的标记捕获丰度估计来确定尼泊尔奇旺国家公园（包括丘里亚山）的老虎的状况。从2010年1月20日至3月22日，将相机陷阱（n = 310）放置在1,261 km（2）的区域中。研究区域分为三个区块，每个区块被困19-21天，总共3,582人日，170个大象日和4,793个相机陷阱之夜。相机有效捕获的区域为2,596 km（2）。照相站相距1.5-2公里。从344张照片中识别出62只老虎（年龄> = 1.5岁），其中包括15只雄性，41只雌性和6个性别不明的老虎。异质性模型Mh（折刀）最适合捕获历史数据。获得了0.05的捕获概率（（上限）（P）），产生了125 +/- SE 21.8虎的种群估计（（上限）（N））。使用贝叶斯空间显式捕获-捕获模型，包括Churia和Barandabhar（​​与中山林相连的缓冲区森林）在内的该地区的老虎密度估计为每100公里4.5 +/- SE 0.35只老虎（2）。在SPACECAP中。我们的研究表明老虎使用了Churia，因此我们得出结论，Chitwan老虎种群可以维持老虎在更大的景观中的占有率，包括Chitwan国家公园，Parsa野生动物保护区，Barandabhar缓冲区，尼泊尔的Someswor森林和Valmiki印度的老虎保护区。

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