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Will protection of 17% of land by 2020 be enough to safeguard biodiversity and critical ecosystem services?

机译:到2020年保护17%的土地是否足以保护生物多样性和关键的生态系统服务?

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To stem the loss of biodiversity and ensure continued provision of essential ecosystem services world leaders adopted the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets in 2010, to be fulfilled by 2020. One key target (Target 11) prescribes an expansion of the global protected area system to at least 17% of land surface and 10% of oceans by 2020. Given that these targets are predominantly based on political feasibility rather than scientific evidence, it remains unclear whether fulfilment of Target 11 will suffice to safeguard biodiversity and ensure continued provision of essential ecosystem services. Despite many data gaps, in particular for ecosystem services, we can use existing global data to estimate the required protected area on land for biodiversity (a minimum of c. 17%) and biomass carbon storage (a minimum of c. 7-14% additional area to protect 75-90% of the unprotected carbon stock), which illustrates that the target of 17% of land will probably fall short in meeting these goals. As crossing thresholds or tipping points in ecosystems could trigger non-linear, abrupt change in delivery of ecosystem services, we need a science-driven understanding of how much protected, intact nature is needed to avoid unforeseen transgression of planetary boundaries.
机译:为了遏制生物多样性的丧失并确保继续提供基本的生态系统服务,世界各国领导人在2010年通过了20项爱知生物多样性指标,并将在2020年之前实现。一项关键指标(指标11)规定将全球保护区系统至少扩大到到2020年,陆地表面和海洋的比例将分别达到17%和10%。鉴于这些目标主要基于政治可行性而不是科学依据,因此尚不清楚实现目标11是否足以保护生物多样性并确保继续提供基本的生态系统服务。尽管存在许多数据缺口,尤其是在生态系统服务方面,我们仍可以使用现有的全球数据来估算土地上生物多样性(至少约17%)和生物质碳储存(至少约7-14%)所需的保护区。额外的面积来保护75-90%的未保护碳库),这说明17%的土地目标可能无法达到这些目标。由于跨越生态系统的阈值或临界点可能会触发生态系统服务的提供的非线性突然变化,因此我们需要以科学为依据的理解,以了解需要多少保护,完整的性质,以避免无法预料的越界行为。

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