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What motivates hunters to target exotic or endemic species on the island of Sao Tome, Gulf of Guinea?

机译：是什么促使猎人瞄准几内亚湾圣多美岛上的外来或特有物种？

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Hunting and invasive species are amongst the main causes of species extinctions on oceanic islands. On the island of Sao Tome hunting of introduced mammals (monkeys, civets and pigs) and endemic bird species has contrasting effects in terms of conservation. Hunting of introduced mammals may benefit native fauna and flora but pressure on endemic birds poses a threat to some species. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 119 hunters to assess the relative importance of native and introduced prey species, gathering information on personal profiles, preference and practice, and hunters' perceptions of trends in prey populations. Eleven species were hunted, including five invasive mammals and five endemic birds of high conservation importance. Based on species hunted, techniques used and final destination of the quarry we distinguished three groups of hunters, using cluster analyses: bird, monkey and feral-pig hunters. Bird hunters were all from urban areas but most pig hunters were rural. Monkey hunters were mostly rural workers but a small proportion were from urban areas. Bird and monkey hunters were primarily motivated by commercial gains but they also hunted for enjoyment and food. In general, hunting of mammals is an opportunistic activity that, if regulated, can be sustainable and contribute to mitigating the effects of invasive species on local fauna as well contributing to local livelihoods. Given the economic drivers involved in hunting of birds, intervention to reduce or eliminate this form of hunting will require enforcement of legislation and raising awareness of the issues involved.
机译：狩猎和入侵物种是海洋岛屿物种灭绝的主要原因。在圣多美岛上，在保护方面，对引进的哺乳动物（猴子，野猪和猪）和特有鸟类的狩猎具有相反的作用。狩猎引进的哺乳动物可能有益于本地动植物，但对特有鸟类的压力对某些物种构成威胁。我们与119位猎人进行了半结构化访谈，以评估本地和引进猎物物种的相对重要性，收集有关个人资料，偏好和习惯以及猎人对猎物种群趋势的了解的信息。狩猎了11种，包括5种具有入侵意义的哺乳动物和5种具有高度保护重要性的特有鸟类。根据猎物的种类，使用的技术和采石场的最终目的地，我们使用聚类分析将三类猎人分为鸟类，猴子和野猪猎人。鸟类狩猎者都来自城市地区，但大多数猪狩猎者都在农村。猴子狩猎者大多是农村工人，但一小部分来自城市地区。鸟类和猴子狩猎者主要是出于商业利益的动机，但他们也寻求享乐和食物。通常，对哺乳动物的狩猎是一种机会性活动，如果受到管制，这种活动是可持续的，并有助于减轻入侵物种对当地动物的影响，并有助于当地生计。考虑到涉及鸟类狩猎的经济驱动因素，为减少或消除这种狩猎方式而进行的干预将需要执法并提高对所涉问题的认识。

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