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首页> 外文期刊>Oryx >Translocation and hand-rearing of the short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus: early indicators of success for species conservation and island restoration
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Translocation and hand-rearing of the short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus: early indicators of success for species conservation and island restoration

机译：短尾信天翁Phoebastria albatrus的易位和人工饲养：物种保护和岛屿恢复成功的早期指标

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摘要

Many endemic species, particularly those on remote islands, have been driven to extinction or near extinction by anthropogenic influences. The short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus once numbered in the millions but was thought to be extinct by the mid 20th century. Albatrosses, of the family Diomedeidae, are among the most threatened birds globally as a result of commercial exploitation, introduced predators, and mortality in commercial fisheries. We applied an experimental approach over 5 years to evaluate the translocation and hand-rearing of albatross chicks by comparing growth, physiological health indices, post-fledging survival, and migration patterns with a control group of naturally reared chicks in the source population. Hand-reared chicks had comparable or superior health and similar rates of immediate post-fledging mortality (15%), with mortality strongly female-biased in both groups. Hand-reared birds had longer post-fledging drift periods before attaining sustained flight (also female-biased) but comparable, albeit somewhat wider ranging, migration patterns to naturally reared chicks during their first 6 months at sea. Recruitment to the translocation site of a breeding pair that included a hand-reared bird occurred within 5 years of the first translocation. Success will ultimately depend on continued recruitment and breeding over the coming decades, given delayed breeding in these long-lived species. The results to date, however, have exceeded initial expectations and can inform potential reintroduc-tions of other long-lived, migratory avian species with strong natal philopatry, and reintroductions of native species to former breeding islands.
机译：许多特有物种，特别是在偏远岛屿上的物种，由于人为因素的影响而已濒临灭绝或濒临灭绝。短尾信天翁信天翁（Phoebastria albatrus）曾经有数百万种，但到20世纪中叶已被灭绝。由于商业开发，引入的捕食者和商业渔业的死亡，狄奥科的信天翁是全球受威胁最大的鸟类之一。我们采用了5年的实验方法，通过与来源种群中自然饲养的小鸡对照组比较生长，生理健康指数，出雏后存活率和迁移模式，评估信天翁小鸡的易位和人工饲养。手工饲养的雏鸡的健康状况相当或优越，出雏后立即死亡率相似（15％），两组的死亡率均强烈偏向女性。人工饲养的鸟类在实现持续飞行（也有雌性偏见）之前有较长的后雏漂移期，但可比较，尽管范围更广，但在海上最初的6个月内向自然饲养的雏鸡的迁移方式相当。在第一次移位后的5年内，招募了包括一对人工饲养的鸟在内的一对繁殖对的移位站点。鉴于这些长寿物种的繁殖延迟，成功与否最终取决于未来几十年的持续招募和繁殖。然而，迄今为止的结果超出了最初的预期，并且可以为其他具有长寿成虫的长寿，迁徙鸟类提供可能的重新引入，以及将原种重新引入以前的繁殖岛。

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