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Using pingers to reduce bycatch of small cetaceans in Peru's small-scale driftnet fishery

机译：在秘鲁的小型流网渔业中使用刺耳器减少小鲸类的兼捕

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摘要

There is growing awareness that small-scale fisheries may have large impacts on threatened marine fauna. Bycatch of small cetaceans by the Peruvian small-scale driftnet fleet results in the deaths of thousands of animals annually. We sought to assess the effectiveness of acoustic alarms (pingers) for reducing the incidental capture of dolphins and porpoises by this fleet. Forty-three experimental trips (156 fishing sets) and 47 control trips (195 fishing sets) out of Salaverry Port, northern Peru, were observed from April 2009 to August 2011. Twenty-two percent of control sets captured small cetaceans (67 individuals) and 16% of experimental sets had captures of small cetaceans (33 individuals). The bycatch rate of experimental sets was 0.50 individuals km~(-2)h~(-1) whereas for control sets the rate was 0.80 individuals km~(-2)h~(-1). This 37% reduction in bycatch rate suggests that pingers may be effective in reducing the bycatch of small cetaceans in this fishery. Catch rates of the fishery's target shark and ray species were unchanged. Given the vast size of this fishery and its current levels of bycatch of small cetaceans (＞ 10,000 individuals annually), even the modest declines in bycatch we observed could result in reductions in mortality of hundreds or thousands of small cetaceans per annum. Challenges, including increased costs, to large-scale utilization of pingers have yet to be overcome. The harpooning of dolphins for use as bait will also need to be addressed for further reductions in dolphin and porpoise bycatch and mortality to be achievable.
机译：人们日益意识到，小规模渔业可能对受威胁的海洋动物群产生重大影响。秘鲁小规模流网捕捞小鲸类动物每年导致数千只动物死亡。我们试图评估声响警报器（pingers）的有效性，以减少该舰队偶然捕获的海豚和海豚。从2009年4月至2011年8月，在秘鲁北部的Salaverry港口进行了43次实验性旅行（156个钓鱼组）和47次控制性旅行（195个钓鱼组）。22％的控制组捕获了小鲸类动物（67人）实验组中有16％捕获了小鲸类动物（33个人）。实验组的兼捕率为0.50个个体km〜（-2）h〜（-1），而对照组则为0.80个个体km〜（-2）h〜（-1）。兼捕率降低了37％，表明在该渔业中，刺五加可能会有效减少小鲸类的兼捕。渔业目标鲨鱼和鱼的捕获率没有变化。考虑到这种捕捞活动的规模巨大，以及目前小鲸类动物的兼捕水平（每年＞ 10,000人），即使我们观察到的兼捕量的适度下降也可能导致每年成百上千只小鲸类动物的死亡率降低。大规模使用pingers所面临的挑战（包括成本增加）尚未克服。为了进一步减少海豚和海豚的兼捕物并降低死亡率，还需要解决用作诱饵的海豚的鱼叉攻击问题。

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  • 来源
    《Oryx》 |2013年第4期|595-606|共12页
  • 作者

    Jeffrey C. Mangel; Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto; Matthew J. Witt; David J. Hodgson; BRENDAN J. Godley;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TRIO 9EZ, UK,ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TRIO 9EZ, UK,ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TRIO 9EZ, UK,Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn,Cornwall, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TRIO 9EZ, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TRIO 9EZ, UK;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Bycatch; Catch per unit effort; Gill-net; Peru; Pinger; Shark; Small cetacean; Small-scale fishery;

    机译：兼捕捕获每单位工作量;刺网秘鲁;手指鲨鱼;小鲸类;小型渔业;

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