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首页> 外文期刊>Oryx >Detection of anthropogenic mortality in elephant Loxodonta africana populations: a long-term case study from the Sebungwe region of Zimbabwe
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Detection of anthropogenic mortality in elephant Loxodonta africana populations: a long-term case study from the Sebungwe region of Zimbabwe

机译：非洲象鼻象种群的人为死亡率检测：来自津巴布韦塞邦圭地区的长期案例研究

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摘要

A survey of the Sebungwe elephant Loxodonta africana population in Zimbabwe in 2006 revealed a large rise in the number of dead elephants. The estimated number of carcasses increased ＞16-fold from 1989 to 2006 and the carcass ratio (number of all elephant carcasses as a percentage of the number of all elephants) rose from 1.25 to 15.4%. The ratio for fresh or recent carcasses, which reflected the mortality rate during the survey year, increased from 0.19 to 1.70% during 1995-2006. Records of elephants killed before 1995 were supplemented with estimates of the numbers killed after 1995, with these estimates increasing exponentially, as did the observed number of fresh or recent carcasses. A maximum likelihood analysis to compare population models revealed that the best fit to the survey estimates of this closed population was a model that started with 9,500 elephants in 1979 and that each year increased at 4.02% and decreased by the number killed, with the number killed annually increasing at 23.5% per year after 1995. A rise in anthropogenic mortality, mostly due to poaching, caused the increase in carcass numbers observed after 1999. Since 1997 the mortality rate of elephants in the National Parks and Safari Areas in the Sebungwe has been positively correlated with the observed number of poachers' camps. Anthropogenic mortality is now great enough to keep the elephant population approximately constant at 14,000-16,000 animals. The population number was also constant (at a lower level) during the 1980s, when elephants were culled and the sale of meat, hides and ivory covered the costs of elephant management but there have been no recent culls, partly because the ivory trade ban prevents tusks from culled elephants being sold to offset the costs of management. This study illustrates the value of a long-term data set collected with consistent techniques, and including data on other species and the environment collected at no extra cost under the financial umbrella of a charismatic species.
机译：2006年对津巴布韦的Sebungwe大象非洲象非洲象种群进行的一项调查显示，死象的数量大量增加。从1989年到2006年，尸体的估计数量增加了16倍以上，尸体比率（所有大象尸体的数量占所有大象数量的百分比）从1.25％上升到15.4％。在调查年内反映死亡率的新鲜或最近屠体比率从1995年的0.19％提高到1.70％。 1995年以前被杀害的大象的记录补充了1995年以后被杀害的人数的估计，这些估计数成倍增加，观察到的新鲜或最近的尸体数量也呈指数增长。用来比较种群模型的最大似然分析表明，最适合这种封闭种群的调查估计是一个模型，该模型始于1979年的9,500头大象，每年以4.02％的速度增加，但被杀的人数减少，被杀的人数减少1995年以后，每年以23.5％的速度增长。人为死亡率的增加（主要是由于偷猎）导致了1999年之后observed体数量的增加。自1997年以来，塞班格威国家公园和野生动物园地区的大象死亡率一直保持与观察到的偷猎者营地数量呈正相关。现在，人为造成的死亡率已经足够高，足以使大象的数量大致保持在14,000-16,000只动物。人口数量在1980年代期间也保持不变（处于较低水平），当时大象被扑杀，肉类，皮革和象牙的销售支付了大象管理的费用，但最近没有剔除象牙，部分原因是象牙贸易禁令阻止了出售淘汰大象的象牙来抵消管理成本。这项研究说明了使用一致的技术收集的长期数据集的价值，其中包括在具有超凡魅力的物种的财务保护下免费收集的其他物种和环境的数据。

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