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Key issues in assessing the feasibility of reintroducing the great bustard Otis tarda to Britain

机译：评估将重头bus Otis tarda重新引入英国的可行性的关键问题

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摘要

The great bustard is a globally-threatened species needing conservation action across Europe. This paper discusses key issues in the case for reintroducing the bird to Britain. Great bustards became extinct as a breeding species in Britain in 1832 probably as a result of hunting, agricultural change and inclement weather. The factors that caused the loss are no longer thought to operate. Suitable habitat exists in pockets across England and especially on Salisbury Plain where a large area is protected for military training and conservation purposes. The Plain combines short grass areas for lekking, long grassland for feeding and adjacent arable land for nesting. Pilot studies on arthropods in long grassland suggest that their density is sufficient for chick-rearing but the precautionary creation of additional food-rich areas among arable crops is recommended. Genetic studies indicate that Britain's bustards probably belonged to the central European group and that restocking should not use birds from Iberia. Only Russia has sufficient birds to supply a reintroduction project and losses there through nest destruction are high. By rescuing eggs, artificially incubating them and transporting chicks to Britain, the project should have zero detriment to the donor population. Modelling indicates that 40 chicks will need to be brought to Britain for 5-10 years to build a founder population of 100 birds. Although focused on direct action in Britain, the project will promote grassland conservation across Europe and serve as a model for translocating bustards elsewhere.
机译：bus鸟是受全球威胁的物种，需要在欧洲范围内采取保护行动。本文讨论了将鸟重新引入英国的关键问题。大bus鸟在1832年成为英国的绝种物种，可能是狩猎，农业变化和恶劣天气的结果。导致损失的因素不再被认为有效。英格兰各地，尤其是索尔兹伯里平原，都有适合的栖息地，那里有大片土地受到军事训练和保护之用。平原结合了短草地区供徒步旅行，长草地区供饲料和相邻的耕地嵌套。在长草原上的节肢动物的试验研究表明，它们的密度足以养育小鸡，但建议在可耕作作物中预防性地增加食物丰富的地区。遗传研究表明，英国的bus鸟可能属于中欧集团，并且补给不应使用伊比利亚的鸟类。只有俄罗斯有足够的鸟儿来提供再引入项目，而由于巢窝破坏而造成的损失很高。通过营救卵，人工孵化卵并将小鸡运到英国，该项目对捐助者的危害应该为零。建模表明，需要40只小鸡在5-10年内带到英国，以建立100只小鸡的初始种群。尽管该项目侧重于英国的直接行动，但它将促进整个欧洲的草地保护，并成为将bus鸟转移到其他地方的典范。

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