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Focusing on corruption: a reply to Ferraro and Katzner

机译：关注腐败：对费拉罗和卡茨纳的回应

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Corruption is a complex phenomenon with various confounding effects and, in their separate replies, both Ferraro (2005) and Katzner (2005) note that in some cases corruption may have short- and long-term benefits for conservation by limiting extractive and destructive development activities. We agree, and we also acknowledge that better governance does not necessarily lead to better conservation; a cursory look at Conservation International's biodiversity hotspots (Conservation Interational, 2005) shows that these threatened regions occur in countries with both high and low governance levels. However, in emphasizing these two points, Katzner makes a number of assertions that threaten to confuse the debate. For example, he suggests that less corrupt countries are less biodiverse because they are more efficient consumers of natural resources. However, his attempt to illustrate this with an analysis of European farmland bird declines is somewhat over-simplistic. As Ferraro points out, testing basic statistical correlations with weak theoretical underpinning tells us little about what is really driving change and is of little use when action is needed. In the case of European bird declines, perverse agricultural incentives are likely to play a significant role (Berendse et al., 2004) but, along with many other potential explanatory factors, they are not considered in Katzner's analysis. Furthermore, Katzner's assertion that corrupt countries are not organized enough to exert wholesale ecosystem destruction is contradicted by many examples, including Indonesia, which suffers from corruption yet is still capable of destroying its forest resources at a rapid rate (Jepson et ah, 2001). Rather than operating in an organizational vacuum, corruption needs systems to subvert.
机译：腐败是一个复杂的现象，具有各种混杂的影响，在费拉罗（2005）和卡茨纳（2005）的单独答复中都指出，在某些情况下，腐败可能通过限制采掘和破坏性发展活动而对保护产生短期和长期的利益。 。我们同意，我们也承认，更好的治理并不一定会导致更好的保护；粗略看一下国际保护组织的生物多样性热点（国际保护组织，2005年）表明，这些受威胁地区发生在治理水平高低的国家。但是，在强调这两点时，卡兹纳提出了许多有可能使辩论混淆的主张。例如，他建议腐败程度较低的国家生物多样性较少，因为它们是自然资源的有效消费者。但是，他试图通过分析欧洲农田鸟类数量的下降来说明这一点过于简单化。正如Ferraro所指出的那样，以较弱的理论基础测试基本的统计相关性并不能告诉我们什么真正推动了变革，而在需要采取行动时也没有多大用处。在欧洲鸟类数量减少的情况下，有害的农业激励措施可能会发挥重要作用（Berendse等人，2004），但与许多其他潜在的解释性因素一样，Katzner的分析并未考虑这些因素。此外，卡兹纳关于腐败国家组织不足以全面破坏生态系统的主张与许多例子相抵触，包括印度尼西亚，该国遭受腐败之苦，但仍能够迅速摧毁其森林资源（Jepson等，2001）。腐败不是在组织真空中运作，而是需要颠覆系统。

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  • 来源
    《Oryx》 |2005年第3期|p.263-264|共2页
  • 作者

    Matthew J. Walpole; Robert J. Smith;

  • 作者单位

    Fauna & Flora International, Great Eastern House, Tenison Road, Cambridge, CB1 2TT, UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
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