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Rodent eradication scaled up: clearing rats and mice from South Georgia

机译：扩大灭鼠规模：清除南乔治亚州的老鼠

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The Subantarctic island of South Georgia lost most of its birds to predation by rodents introduced by people over 2 centuries. In 2011 a UK charity began to clear brown rats Rattus norvegicus and house mice Mus musculus from the 170 km long, 3,500 km(2) island using helicopters to spread bait containing Brodifacoum as the active ingredient. South Georgia's larger glaciers were barriers to rodent movement, resulting in numerous independent sub-island populations. The eradication could therefore be spread over multiple seasons, giving time to evaluate results before recommencing, and also reducing the impact of non-target mortality across the island as a whole. Eradication success was achieved in the 128 km(2) Phase 1 trial operation. Work in 2013 (Phase 2) and early 2015 (Phase 3) covered the remaining 940 km(2) occupied by rodents. By July 2017, 28 months after baiting was concluded, there was no sign of surviving rodents, other than one apparently newly introduced by ship in October 2014. A survey using detection dogs and passive devices will search the Phase 2 and Phase 3 land for rodents in early 2018. Seven (of 30) species of breeding birds suffered losses from poisoning, but all populations appear to have recovered within 5 years. The endemic South Georgia pipit Anthus antarcticus was the first bird to breed in newly rat-free areas, but there were also signs that cavity-nesting seabirds were exploring scree habitat denied them for generations. Enhanced biosecurity measures on South Georgia are needed urgently to prevent rodents being reintroduced.
机译：南乔治亚州的亚南极岛屿在2个多世纪的历史中被人们引入的啮齿类动物灭绝了大部分鸟类。 2011年，一家英国慈善机构开始使用直升机传播含有Brodifacoum作为有效成分的诱饵，从170公里长，3,500公里（2）的岛上清除褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus和家鼠Mus musculus。佐治亚州南部较大的冰川是啮齿动物运动的障碍，导致许多独立的亚岛屿人口。因此，根除工作可分布在多个季节，从而有时间在重新开始之前评估结果，还可以减少整个岛上非目标死亡率的影响。在128 km（2）的1期试验操作中，根除成功。 2013年（第2阶段）和2015年初（第3阶段）的工作覆盖了啮齿动物所占的剩余940 km（2）。到诱饵结束28个月后，到2017年7月，没有任何啮齿动物幸存的迹象，除了显然是2014年10月由船上新引入的啮齿动物。一项使用探测犬和无源设备进行的调查将在2期和3期土地中寻找啮齿动物在2018年初。30种繁殖鸟类中有7种因中毒而遭受损失，但所有种群似乎都在5年内恢复了健康。南佐治亚州特有的南极Anthus antarcticus是在新的无老鼠地区繁殖的第一只鸟，但是也有迹象表明，巢穴海鸟正在探索卵子栖息地，几代人拒绝了它们。迫切需要在乔治亚州南部加强生物安全措施，以防止再次引入啮齿动物。

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