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Chilli-briquettes modify the temporal behaviour of elephants, but not their numbers

机译：辣椒水饺会改变大象的时间行为，但不会改变大象的数量

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摘要

Crop loss to foraging elephants is one of the most significant causes of conflict between people and elephants in areas where wild elephants share resources with people. Effective solutions to reduce the effects of human-elephant conflict on local livelihoods are thus essential to foster coexistence between elephants and people. We assessed the effectiveness of chilli-briquettes (bricks made of dry chilli, elephant dung and water) in altering elephants use of space in the eastern Okavango Panhandle, Botswana. We burned 600 briquettes during the night over a 2-month period to test five treatments: frequent burning of (1) chilli and (2) chilli-free briquettes, occasional burning of (3) chilli and (4) chilli-free briquettes, and (5) a control treatment. Using camera traps and footprint surveys we assessed the number of elephants that used experimental sites, and the times at which they did so. We found elephants changed their movement behaviour from predominantly nocturnal to diurnal in areas where chilli-briquettes were burned throughout the night; however, there was no difference in the mean numbers of individuals between treatments with and without chillies. In other words, chilli-briquettes had a repellent but not a deterrent effect on elephants, keeping them away only at times when chilli-briquettes were smouldering. Based on these findings we recommend the use of chilli-briquettes as a method to deter elephants in the short term. In the long term, chilli-briquettes should be applied in combination with other larger-scale mitigation approaches, such as land management and cooperative community-based tools.
机译：在野生大象与人共享资源的地区，觅食大象造成的作物损失是人与大象之间冲突的最重要原因之一。因此，减少人文冲突对当地生计的影响的有效解决方案对于促进大象与人之间的共存至关重要。我们评估了辣椒砖（由干辣椒，大象粪便和水制成的砖块）在改变博茨瓦纳东部Okavango Panhandle大象对空间的使用方面的有效性。我们在两个月内的晚上，燃烧了超过600个煤球，以测试五种处理方法：频繁燃烧（1）辣椒和（2）无辣椒煤球，偶尔燃烧（3）辣椒和（4）无辣椒煤球（5）对照治疗。通过使用相机陷阱和足迹调查，我们评估了使用实验点的大象数量以及使用时间。我们发现大象在整个晚上燃烧辣椒冰砖的地区将其活动行为从夜行转变为昼夜行进。然而，在有和没有辣椒的处理之间，个体的平均数没有差异。换句话说，辣椒冰糕对大象具有驱避作用，但没有威慑作用，仅在辣椒冰糕冒烟时才使大象远离。基于这些发现，我们建议在短期内使用辣椒糖水饼来阻止大象。从长远来看，应与其他更大范围的缓解措施（例如土地管理和基于社区的合作工具）结合使用辣椒冰砖。

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  • 来源
    《Oryx》 |2019年第1期|100-108|共9页
  • 作者

    Pozo Rocio A.; Coulson Tim; McCulloch Graham; Stronza Amanda; Songhurst Anna;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England|Ecoexist Project, Maun, Botswana|Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling, Scotland;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England|Ecoexist Project, Maun, Botswana;

    Texas A&M Univ, Appl Biodivers Sci Program, College Stn, TX USA|Ecoexist Project, Maun, Botswana;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England|Ecoexist Project, Maun, Botswana;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Botswana; chilli peppers; crop foraging; crop raiding; HEC; human-elephant conflict; human-wildlife interactions; Okavango Delta;

    机译：博茨瓦纳;辣椒;农作物觅食;农作物突袭;HEC;人与大象的冲突;人与野生生物的相互作用;奥万万戈三角洲;

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