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Using camera traps to study the age-sex structure and behaviour of crop-using elephants Loxodonta africana in Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

机译：使用摄像机陷阱研究坦桑尼亚乌柱山国家公园的茶叶洛德塔非洲人的年龄 - 性别结构和行为

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Crop losses to foraging elephants are one of the primary obstacles to the coexistence of elephants and people. Understanding whether some individuals in a population are more likely to forage on crops, and the temporal patterns of elephant visits to farms, is key to mitigating the negative impacts of elephants on farmers' livelihoods. We used camera traps to study the crop foraging behaviour of African elephants Loxodonta africana in farmland adjacent to the Udzungwa Mountains National Park in southern Tanzania during October 2010-August 2014. Camera traps placed on elephant trails into farmland detected elephants on 336 occasions during the study period. We identified individual elephants for 126 camera-trap detections. All were independent males, and we identified 48 unique bulls aged 10-29 years. Two-thirds of the bulls identified were detected only once by camera traps during the study period. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that found that adult males are more likely to adopt high-risk feeding behaviours such as crop foraging, although young males dispersing from maternal family units also consume crops in Udzungwa. We found a large number of occasional crop-users (32 of the 48 bulls identified) and a smaller number of repeat crop-users (16 of 48), suggesting that lethal control of crop-using elephants is unlikely to be an effective long-term strategy for reducing crop losses to elephants.
机译：觅食大象的作物损失是大象和人民共存的主要障碍之一。了解人口中的一些人是否更有可能觅食作物，以及对农场的大象访问的时间模式是减轻大象对农民生计的负面影响的关键。我们使用摄像机陷阱来研究坦桑尼亚南部南桑岛南南南南南南南南南南南南南南南部的非洲大象洛杉矶非洲人的作物觅食行为。在研究期间，在大象落下的大象落后于田地的大象陷入困境时期。我们确定了126个相机陷阱检测的单个大象。所有人都是独立的男性，我们确定了48岁的独特公牛队，年龄在10-29岁左右。在研究期间，通过相机陷阱仅检测到一次识别的公牛的三分之二。我们的研究结果与先前的研究一致，发现成年男性更有可能采用农作物觅食等高风险饲养行为，尽管年轻男性分散来自母体家庭单位的少女也消耗了Udzungwa的作物。我们发现大量偶尔的作物 - 用户（48公牛的32次识别）和较少数量的重复作物 - 用户（第16条第16条），表明作物使用大象的致命控制不太可能是一种有效的长 - 减少对大象作物损失的一期策略。

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