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首页> 外文期刊>Oryx >The future of walnut-fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana
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The future of walnut-fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana

机译：吉尔吉斯斯坦核桃森林的未来和标志性濒临灭绝的苹果Malus niedzwetzkyana的地位

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摘要

Forest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, but are declining worldwide. Malus niedzwetzkyana, an Endangered wild relative of domesticated apples, is an important component of the walnut-fruit forests of Central Asia. Its iconic pink blossom and genetic properties give it special cultural and scientific significance, but livestock grazing and firewood collection threaten its survival. The conservation of the species and its native forest ecosystem is critical and urgent. This study provides information on the ecology and population of M. niedzwetzkyana and the threats affecting its habitat, improving our understanding of its distribution and proposing measures to reduce threats. We collected ecological data and assessed population structure and threats at four forest sites in southern Kyrgyzstan. We mapped 149 individuals, creating the largest known dataset for this species. We developed species distribution models for M. niedzwetzkyana to identify climatically suitable regions and potential areas for restoration. Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve contained the largest expanse of pristine forest and the most stable M. niedzwetzkyana population, followed by Kara-Alma Forestry Unit. Forests in the Gava Forestry Unit and Dashman Reserve were most extensively damaged by humans and livestock. The wild apple's favoured habitat was south-west facing slopes with a gradient 30 degrees and a relatively open canopy. Overall, the study population was vulnerable to extinction with limited regeneration potential. We recommend short-term population enhancement through planting projects and increased protection of individuals in pristine sites. Community-based conservation initiatives should be prioritized in extensively damaged sites, and larger-scale reforestation of these forests needs to be considered.
机译：森林生态系统具有丰富的生物多样性，并提供有价值的生态系统服务，但在全球范围内下降。 Malus Niedzwetzkyana是驯化苹果的濒临灭绝的野生亲属，是中亚核桃果树的重要组成部分。它的标志性的粉红色和遗传性质使其具有特殊的文化和科学意义，但牲畜放牧和木柴收藏威胁其生存。物种及其本土森林生态系统的保护是至关重要的。本研究提供了有关M. Niedzwetzkyana的生态和人口和影响其栖息地的威胁的信息，提高了我们对其分配的理解和提出减少威胁的措施。在吉尔吉斯斯坦南部四森林地点，我们收集了生态数据并评估了人口结构和威胁。我们映射了149个个人，为此物种创建最大的已知数据集。我们开发了M. Niedzwetzkyana的物种分布模型，以确定气候合适的地区和潜在地区进行恢复。 Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve包含最大的原始森林和最稳定的M. Niedzwetzkyana人口，其次是Kara-Alma林业单位。 Gava林业单位和Dashman储备的森林由人类和牲畜最广泛地破坏。狂野的苹果的青睐的栖息地是西南面向坡度，梯度<30度和相对开阔的树冠。总体而言，研究人群容易受到有限的再生潜力的灭绝。我们建议通过种植项目和提高原始地点的个人保护，建议短期人口增强。基于社区的保护举措应优先于广泛的受损地点，需要考虑这些森林的大规模重新造林。

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