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Brown bear damage: patterns and hotspots in Croatia

机译：棕熊损坏：克罗地亚的模式和热点

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摘要

Human-bear conflicts resulting from livestock depredation and crop use are a common threat to the brown bearUrsus arctosthroughout its range. Understanding these conflicts requires the recording and categorization of incidents, assessment of their geographical distribution and frequency, and documentation of the financial costs and the presence of any preventative measures. Damage compensation schemes can help mitigate conflicts and, in some cases, improve acceptance of bears. This study aims to elucidate the major factors determining the patterns of damage caused by bears, examine the effectiveness of preventative measures in reducing such damage, and identify bear damage hotspots in Croatia. Our analysis is based on damage reports provided by hunting organizations to the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture during 2004-2014. The highest number of claims were made for damage to field crops and orchards. Damage to livestock, agricultural crops and beehives resulted in the highest total cost to farmers. Damage to beehives and to automatic corn feeders for game species incurred the highest cost per damage event. We identified a hotspot for bear damage claims in Croatia, located near Risnjak National Park and the border with Slovenia. Damage appears higher in areas that have more villages closer to protected areas and a greater per cent of forest cover, indicating a synergistic effect of protected environments that facilitate bear movements and the presence of human activities that provide easily accessible food for bears.
机译：牲畜饲养和作物使用产生的人熊冲突是对棕色熊果的普遍威胁，它是它的范围。了解这些冲突需要录制和分类事件，对其地理分布和频率的评估以及财务成本的文件以及任何预防措施的存在。损害补偿计划可以帮助减轻冲突，在某些情况下，提高熊的接受。本研究旨在阐明确定熊造成的损害模式的主要因素，检查预防性措施是否降低损害的损害，并识别克罗地亚的熊损伤热点。我们的分析基于狩猎组织向克罗地亚农业部提供的损害报告基于2004 - 2014年。最多的索赔是造成田间作物和果园的损害。对畜牧业，农业作物和蜂箱的损害导致农民总成本最高。饲料损坏以及用于游戏物种的自动玉米饲养者，每次损坏事件都有最高的成本。我们确定了克罗地亚熊损害的热点，位于Risnjak国家公园附近，与斯洛文尼亚的边界。在更接近受保护区域的村庄和林覆盖的更多村庄的地区造成损坏，表明受保护环境的协同效应，这些环境有助于携带熊的运动以及为熊市提供易于无障碍食品的人类活动的存在。

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