Contracts and Contract Law: Challenging the Distinction Between the ‘Real’ and ‘Paper’ Deal

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Contracts and Contract Law: Challenging the Distinction Between the ‘Real’ and ‘Paper’ Deal

机译：合同与合同法：挑战“真实”交易与“纸质交易”之间的区别

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This article examines the claim that there are two different and often incompatible ‘worlds’ within which contractual relationships can be placed—a real world created by the parties and an artificial world created by contract law and formal contract documents. This distinction, often made by sociolegal scholars, is usually accompanied by the suggestion that legal reasoning might be improved by more attention to the real world of contracting at the expense of the artificial world of documents and classical doctrine. After examining the relationship between trust and contract, the role of legal institutions in supporting agreement-making and the reasons parties might have for formalizing commercial relationships, the article argues that a sharp distinction between the real and paper deal cannot be drawn and that in many commercial agreements these must be understood as integrated phenomena, rather than wholly discrete aspects of contracting behaviour. The article then considers the capacity of contract law to respond to this finding, with particular reference to the law's approach to uncertainty in agreements and the contextual approach to contract interpretation as developed by Lord Hoffmann in Investors Compensation Scheme and subsequent cases.

机译：本文探讨了可以在其中放置合同关系的两个不同且通常不兼容的“世界”的说法，即由当事方创建的真实世界和由合同法和正式合同文件创建的虚假世界。通常由社会法律学者进行的这种区分通常伴随着这样的建议，即可以通过更多地关注合同的现实世界而以牺牲人为的文件和古典学说为代价来改善法律推理。在研究了信任与合同之间的关系，法律机构在支持协议制定中的作用以及当事方可能使商业关系正式化的原因之后，文章认为，实物交易和纸质交易之间无法形成鲜明的区别，在许多情况下商业协议必须将其理解为综合现象，而不是合同行为的完全独立的方面。然后，本文考虑了合同法对这一发现作出回应的能力，特别是参考了洛夫·霍夫曼勋爵在《投资者赔偿计划》及其后的案例中开发的法律对协议不确定性的方法以及上下文解释合同的方法。

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《Oxford Journal of Legal Studies》 |2009年第4期|p.675-704|共30页
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7. Certain Simple, Unsolvable Problems of Group Theory. V 29,3029Parts I, II, III and IV have appeared in Series A, 57, Nos. 3 and 5; 58, Nos. 2 and 5 of these Proceedings, as well as Indag. Math., 16, Nos. 3 and 5 (1954); 17, Nos. 2 and 5 (1955).In Part I, page 234, the ninth and tenth lines following the displayed material, for both occurrences of A read D and for both occurrences of B read E: In part II, page 497, for all occurrences of M in Diagrams A and D read C. In Part IV, page 574, the third displayed line, for zαiLread z―αiL. 19).30The proof of the unsolvability of the word problem contained in this and subsequent paper is not contained in the dissertation Several simple unsolvable problems of group theory related to the word problem. (See footnote 1 of Part I.) Our proof was finally completed during the period 1954-56 while in residence at the Institute for Advanced Study. We were supported in 1954-55 directly by the Institute and in 1955-56 by National Science Foundation contract G-1974. Certain improvements were evolved ans preparations for publication were completed while the author held a Fulbright grant to the University of Oslo.Our thanks are due to Professor Kurt Gödel for his kind encouragement in these matter; certain related problems for study he has suggested we hope to deal with later. When an earlier version of Lemmas 30 and 31 was explained at a colloquium at the University of Michigan, August 3, 1956, Professor Roger Lyndon suggested an improvement which is incorporated in our present version. We are indeed indebted to Dr. John Addison and Dr. Michael Rabin for checking many of the new details during July of 1956.) [O] . Boone William W. 1957

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Contracts and Contract Law: Challenging the Distinction Between the ‘Real’ and ‘Paper’ Deal

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