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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems >On the Implication of NTC versus Dark Silicon on Emerging Scale-Out Workloads: The Multi-Core Architecture Perspective
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On the Implication of NTC versus Dark Silicon on Emerging Scale-Out Workloads: The Multi-Core Architecture Perspective

机译：NTC与深色硅对新兴的横向扩展工作负载的影响：多核体系结构视角

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The end of Dennard's scaling poses computer systems, especially the datacenters, in front of both power and utilization walls. One possible solution to combat the power and utilization walls is dark silicon where transistors are under-utilized in the chip, but this will result in a diminishing performance. Another solution is Near-Threshold Voltage Computing (NTC) which operates transistors in the near-threshold region and provides much more flexible tradeoffs between power and performance. However, prior efforts largely focus on a specific design option based on the legacy desktop applications, therefore, lacking comprehensive analysis of emerging scale-out applications with multiple design options when dark silicon and/or NTC are/is applied. In this paper, we characterize different perspectives including performance, energy efficiency and reliability in the context of NTC/dark silicon cloud processors running emerging scale-out workloads on various architecture designs. We find NTC is generally an effective way to alleviate the power challenge over scale-out applications compared with dark silicon, it can improve performance by 1.6X, energy efficiency by 50 percent and the reliability problem can be relieved by ECC. Meanwhile, we also observe tiled-OoO architecture improves the performance by 20∼370 percent and energy efficiency by 40 ∼ 600 percent over alternative architecture designs, making it a preferable design paradigm for scale-out workloads. We believe that our observations will provide insights for the design of cloud processors under dark silicon and/or NTC .
机译：Dennard扩展的末尾将计算机系统（尤其是数据中心）摆在电源和利用率墙的前面。应对功耗和利用率壁垒的一种可能解决方案是深色硅，其中芯片中晶体管的利用率不足，但这会导致性能下降。另一个解决方案是近阈值电压计算（NTC），它在近阈值区域内操作晶体管，并在功率和性能之间提供了更为灵活的权衡。但是，先前的工作主要集中在基于传统桌面应用程序的特定设计选项上，因此，当应用深色硅片和/或NTC时，缺乏对具有多个设计选项的新兴横向扩展应用程序的全面分析。在本文中，我们描述了在各种架构设计上运行新兴的横向扩展工作负载的NTC /深色硅云处理器环境下的不同角度，包括性能，能效和可靠性。我们发现，与深色硅相比，NTC通常是缓解横向扩展应用功耗挑战的有效方法，它可以将性能提高1.6倍，能效提高50％，而ECC可以缓解可靠性问题。同时，我们还观察到，与其他架构设计相比，tile-OoO架构将性能提高20％至370％，能源效率提高40％至600％，使其成为横向扩展工作负载的首选设计范例。我们相信，我们的观察将为暗硅和/或NTC下的云处理器设计提供见解。

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