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首页> 外文期刊>Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on >mTreebone: A Collaborative Tree-Mesh Overlay Network for Multicast Video Streaming
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mTreebone: A Collaborative Tree-Mesh Overlay Network for Multicast Video Streaming

机译：mTreebone：用于组播视频流的协作树状网格叠加网络

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摘要

Recently, application-layer overlay networks have been suggested as a promising solution for live video streaming over the Internet. To organize a multicast overlay, a natural structure is a tree, which, however, is known vulnerable to end-hosts dynamics. Data-driven approaches address this problem by employing a mesh structure, which enables data exchanges among multiple neighbors, and thus, greatly improves the overlay resilience. It unfortunately suffers from an efficiency-delay trade-off, because data have to be pulled from mesh neighbors by using extra notifications periodically. In this paper, we closely examine the contributions of overlay nodes, and argue that performance of a mesh overlay closely depends on a small set of stable backbone nodes. This is validated through a real trace study on PPLive, the largest commercial application-layer live streaming system to date. Motivated by this observation, we then suggest a novel collaborative tree-mesh design that leverages both mesh and tree structures. The key idea is to identify a set of stable nodes to construct a tree-based backbone, called treebone, with most of the data being pushed over this backbone. These stable nodes, together with others, are further organized through an auxiliary mesh overlay, which facilitates the treebone to accommodate node dynamics and fully exploit the available bandwidth between overlay nodes. This hybrid design, referred to as mTreebone, brings a series of unique and critical design challenges. In particular, the identification of stable nodes and seamless data delivery using both push and pull methods. In this paper, we present optimized solutions to these problems, which reconcile the two overlays under a coherent framework with controlled overhead. We evaluate mTreebone through both simulations and PlanetLab experiments. The results demonstrate the superior efficiency and robustness of this hybrid solution in both static and dynamic scenarios.
机译：最近，已经提出了应用层覆盖网络作为通过Internet进行实时视频流传输的有希望的解决方案。为了组织多播覆盖，自然结构是一棵树，但是，已知这容易受到最终主机动态的影响。数据驱动的方法通过采用网状结构来解决此问题，该结构使多个邻居之间能够进行数据交换，从而大大提高了覆盖弹性。不幸的是，它受到效率延迟折衷的困扰，因为必须通过定期使用额外的通知从网格邻居中提取数据。在本文中，我们仔细检查了覆盖节点的作用，并认为网格覆盖的性能紧密取决于一小组稳定的骨干节点。这是通过对PPLive进行的真实跟踪研究验证的，PPLive是迄今为止最大的商业应用层实时流媒体系统。受此观察结果的启发，我们随后提出了一种新颖的协作树-网格设计，该设计同时利用了网格和树结构。关键思想是确定一组稳定节点，以构造一个称为树骨的基于树的主干，其中大部分数据都推到该主干上。这些稳定节点以及其他稳定节点通过辅助网格覆盖进一步组织，这有助于树骨适应节点动态并充分利用覆盖节点之间的可用带宽。这种称为mTreebone的混合设计带来了一系列独特和关键的设计挑战。特别是，使用推拉方法进行稳定节点的识别和无缝数据传递。在本文中，我们提出了针对这些问题的优化解决方案，这些解决方案在具有受控开销的一致框架下协调了两个叠加层。我们通过仿真和PlanetLab实验来评估mTreebone。结果表明，该混合解决方案在静态和动态场景下均具有出色的效率和鲁棒性。

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