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Null Data Frame: A Double-Edged Sword in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

机译：空数据帧：IEEE 802.11 WLAN中的双刃剑

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摘要

Null data frames are a special but important type of frames in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. They are widely used in 802.11 WLANs for control purposes such as power management, channel scanning, and association keeping alive. The wide applications of null data frames come from their salient features such as lightweight frame format and implementation flexibility. However, such features can be taken advantage of by malicious attackers to launch a variety of attacks on 802.11 WLANs. In this paper, we identify potential security vulnerabilities in current null data frame applications in 802.11 WLANs. We then study two types of attacks taking advantage of these vulnerabilities in detail that are functionality-based Denial-of-Service attack and implementation-based fingerprinting attack. We also evaluate their effectiveness based on extensive experiments. Furthermore, we design and implement novel defense mechanisms against the attacks, and evaluate their effectiveness based on extensive experiments. Although our proposed defenses help alleviate the vulnerabilities, completely eliminating the vulnerabilities brought by null data frames remains an open issue. Finally, we point out that our work has broader impact in that similar vulnerabilities exist in many other networks due to the adoption of simple and lightweight messages for control purpose.
机译：空数据帧是IEEE 802.11 WLAN中一种特殊但重要的帧类型。它们在802.11 WLAN中广泛用于控制目的，例如电源管理，信道扫描和关联保持活动。空数据帧的广泛应用来自它们的显着特征，例如轻量级帧格式和实现灵活性。但是，恶意攻击者可以利用这些功能在802.11 WLAN上发起各种攻击。在本文中，我们确定了802.11 WLAN当前空数据帧应用程序中的潜在安全漏洞。然后，我们将详细研究利用这些漏洞的两种类型的攻击，即基于功能的拒绝服务攻击和基于实现的指纹攻击。我们还将根据大量实验评估其有效性。此外，我们设计并实施了针对攻击的新颖防御机制，并根据大量实验评估了其有效性。尽管我们提出的防御措施有助于缓解漏洞，但完全消除空数据帧带来的漏洞仍然是一个未解决的问题。最后，我们指出我们的工作具有更广泛的影响，因为出于控制目的采用了简单轻量级的消息，因此许多其他网络中也存在类似的漏洞。

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