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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems >ETICA: Efficient Two-Level I/O Caching Architecture for Virtualized Platforms
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ETICA: Efficient Two-Level I/O Caching Architecture for Virtualized Platforms

机译：Itica：虚拟化平台有效的二级I / O缓存架构

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摘要

In recent years, increased I/O demand of Virtual Machines (VMs) in large-scale data centers and cloud computing has encouraged system architects to design high-performance storage systems. One common approach to improving performance is to employ fast storage devices such as Solid-State Drives (SSDs) as an I/O caching layer for slower storage devices. SSDs provide high performance, especially on random requests, but they also have limited endurance: they support only a limited number of write operations and can therefore wear out relatively fast due to write operations. In addition to the write requests generated by the applications, each read miss in the SSD cache is served at the cost of imposing a write operation to the SSD (to copy the data block into the cache), resulting in an even larger number of writes into the SSD. Previous I/O caching schemes on virtualized platforms only partially mitigate the endurance limitations of SSD-based I/O caches; they mainly focus on assigning efficient cache write policies and cache space to the VMs. Moreover, existing cache space allocation schemes have inefficiencies: they do not take into account the impact of cache write policy in reuse distance calculation of the running workloads and hence, reserve cache blocks for accesses that would not be served by cache. In this article, we propose an Efficient Two-Level I/O Caching Architecture (ETICA) for virtualized platforms that can significantly improve I/O latency, endurance, and cost (in terms of cache size) while preserving the reliability of write-pending data blocks. As opposed to previous one-level I/O caching schemes in virtualized platforms, our proposed architecture 1) provides two levels of cache by employing both Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) and SSD in the I/O caching layer of virtualized platforms and 2) effectively partitions the cache space between running VMs to achieve maximum performance and minimum cache size. To manage the two-level cache, unlike the previous reuse distance calculation schemes such as Useful Reuse Distance (URD), which only consider the request type and neglect the impact of cache write policy, we propose a new metric, Policy Optimized reuse Distance (POD). The key idea of POD is to effectively calculate the reuse distance and estimate the amount of two-level DRAM+SSD cache space to allocate by considering both 1) the request type and 2) the cache write policy. Doing so results in enhanced performance and reduced cache size due to the allocation of cache blocks only for the requests that would be served by the I/O cache. ETICA maintains the reliability of write-pending data blocks and improves performance by 1) assigning an effective and fixed write policy at each level of the I/O cache hierarchy and 2) employing effective promotion and eviction methods between cache levels. Our extensive experiments conducted with a real implementation of the proposed two-level storage caching architecture show that ETICA provides 45 percent higher performance, compared to the state-of-the-art caching schemes in virtualized platforms, while improving both cache size and SSD endurance by 51.7 and 33.8 percent, respectively.
机译：近年来，大规模数据中心和云计算中虚拟机（VMS）的I / O需求增加，鼓励系统架构师设计高性能存储系统。提高性能的一种常见方法是使用诸如固态驱动器（SSD）的快速存储设备作为用于较慢存储设备的I / O缓存层。 SSD提供高性能，特别是在随机请求上，但它们也具有有限的耐久性：它们仅支持有限数量的写入操作，因此由于写入操作，因此可以磨损相对速度。除了应用程序生成的写请求之外，SSD高速缓存中的每个读取未命令都是以对SSD强加写入操作的成本（将数据块复制到缓存中），导致更大的写入进入SSD。虚拟化平台上的上一级I / O缓存方案仅部分地减轻了基于SSD的I / O缓存的耐久性限制;它们主要关注为VM分配高效的缓存写入策略和缓存空间。此外，现有的高速缓存空间分配方案具有效率低下：它们不考虑高速缓存写策略在重用距离计算运行工作负载中的影响，因此，保留缓存块不会由缓存服务的访问。在本文中，我们为虚拟化平台提出了一个有效的两级I / O缓存架构（ITya），可以显着提高I / O延迟，耐久性和成本（在缓存大小方面），同时保留写入待处理的可靠性数据块。与虚拟化平台中的先前一级I / O缓存方案相反，我们提出的架构1）通过在虚拟化平台的I / O缓存层中使用动态随机访问存储器（DRAM）和SSD提供两个级别的缓存。 2）有效地分区运行VM之间的缓存空间，以实现最大的性能和最小缓存大小。要管理两级缓存，与先前的重用距离计算方案（如有用的重用距离（URD））不同，只考虑请求类型并忽略缓存写策略的影响，我们提出了一个新的度量标准，策略优化重用距离（荚）。 POD的关键概念是通过考虑1）Cache写策略来有效地计算重用距离并估计两个级DRAM + SSD缓存空间的量来分配。这样做导致增强的性能和降低的缓存大小，因为仅针对I / O缓存服务的请求分配缓存块。 Itica维护写入待处理数据块的可靠性，并提高性能1）在I / O缓存层次结构的每个级别分配有效和固定的写入策略，2）在缓存级别之间采用有效的促销和驱逐方法。我们的广泛实验，通过实际实施，建议的两级存储缓存架构表明，与虚拟化平台中的最先进的缓存方案相比，ETica提供了45％的性能，同时改善了缓存大小和SSD耐力分别为51.7和33.8％。

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