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Early life obesity and chronic kidney disease in later life

机译:早年肥胖和晚年慢性肾脏疾病

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The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased considerably with a parallel rise in the prevalence of obesity. It is now recognized that early life nutrition has life-long effects on the susceptibility of an individual to develop obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and CKD. The kidney can be programmed by a number of intrauterine and neonatal insults. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most identifiable markers of a suboptimal prenatal environment, and the important intrarenal factors sensitive to programming events include decreased nephron number and altered control of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). LBW complicated by accelerated catch-up growth is associated with an increased risk of obesity, hypertension and CKD in later life. High birth weight and exposure to maternal diabetes or obesity can enhance the risk for developing CKD in later life. Rapid postnatal growth per se may also contribute to the subsequent development of obesity and CKD regardless of birth weight and prenatal nutrition. Although the mechanisms of renal risks due to early life nutritional programming remain largely unknown, experimental and clinical studies suggest the burdening role of early life obesity in longstanding cardiovascular and renal diseases.
机译:慢性肾脏病(CKD)的患病率大大增加,而肥胖症的患病率与此同时上升。现在已经认识到,生命早期营养对个体发展为肥胖,糖尿病,心血管疾病和CKD的敏感性具有终生影响。可以通过许多宫内和新生儿损伤对肾脏编程。低出生体重(LBW)是最理想的产前环境的最明显标志之一,对编程事件敏感的重要肾内因素包括肾单位数目减少和肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)控制改变。 LBW并发追赶性生长加快与肥胖,高血压和CKD的风险增加有关。高出生体重和母体糖尿病或肥胖症的暴露会增加以后发生CKD的风险。无论出生体重和产前营养如何,出生后的快速增长本身也可能导致肥胖和CKD的发展。尽管由于早期营养计划而导致肾脏风险的机制仍然未知,但是实验和临床研究表明,早期肥胖症在长期的心血管疾病和肾脏疾病中起着举足轻重的作用。

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