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Delta probing policies for redundancy

机译：Delta冗余探测策略

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摘要

We consider job dispatching in systems with N parallel servers, where jobs arrive according to a Poisson process of rate A. In redundancy-d policies, replicas of an arriving job are assigned to d ≤ N servers selected uniformly at random (without replacement) with the objective to reduce the delay. We introduce a quite general workload model, in which job sizes have some probability distribution while the speeds (slowdown factors) of the various servers for a given job are allowed to be inter-dependent and non-identically distributed. This allows not only for inherent speed differences among different servers, but also for affinity relations. We further propose two novel redundancy policies, so-called delta-probe-d policies, where d probes of a fixed, small, size A are created for each incoming job, and assigned to d servers selected uniformly at random. As soon as the first of these d probe tasks finishes, the actual job is assigned for execution - with the same speed - to the corresponding server and the other probe tasks are abandoned. We also consider a delta-probe-d policy in which the probes receive preemptive-resume priority over regular jobs. The aim of these policies is to retain the benefits of redundancy-d policies while accounting for systematic speed differences and mitigating the risks of running replicas of the full job simultaneously for long periods of time.
机译：我们考虑在具有N个并行服务器的系统中进行作业分派，其中作业按照速率A的泊松过程到达。在冗余d策略中，将到达作业的副本分配给d≤N个服务器，这些服务器是随机（无替换）均匀选择的目的是减少延迟。我们引入了一个非常通用的工作量模型，其中作业大小具有一定的概率分布，而给定作业的各种服务器的速度（减速因子）被允许相互依赖且不相同地分布。这不仅允许不同服务器之间固有的速度差异，而且还允许关联关系。我们进一步提出了两种新颖的冗余策略，即所谓的delta-probe-d策略，其中为每个传入作业创建大小为A的固定，小尺寸的d探针，并将其分配给随机选择的d服务器。这些d个探查任务中的第一个任务完成后，就会以相同的速度将实际作业分配给相应的服务器执行，而其他探查任务将被放弃。我们还考虑了delta-probe-d策略，在该策略中，探针比常规作业具有抢先恢复优先级。这些策略的目的是保留redundant-d策略的好处，同时解决系统速度差异并减轻长时间同时运行完整作业副本的风险。

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