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Political Power and Political Economy of Media: Nicaragua and Bolivia

机译：媒体的政治权力和政治经济学：尼加拉瓜和玻利维亚

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摘要

The apparent democratic shift unfolding in Latin America, from Venezuela and Bolivia to Ecuador and Nicaragua has been quite uneven. Public access to media provides one measurement of the extent to which social movements have been able to alter the relations of power. In nations where working classes, indigenous peoples, women, youth, and diverse ethnic groups have mobilized and organized constituent assemblies and other social and political organizations, political economies of radical democratic media have been introduced, communicating other progressive national policies for a new cultural hegemony of solidarity. Moments of rupture caused by social movements have introduced new social and political norms challenging capitalist cultural hegemony across the continent, with deep connections between media communication and social power revealed in every case. Public access to media production and distribution is a key indicator of democratic citizen participation and social transformation. Those societies that have advanced the farthest towards 21st century socialism and participatory democracy have also established the most extensive democratic and participatory media systems. These media reach far beyond community and alternative media forms to become central to an emerging hegemonic discourse advocating social transformation and working class power. Community media in Nicaragua, Bolivia, and Ecuador demonstrate how radical political power can encourage mass working class participation, including acquiring and using mass communication for social change and social justice.
机译：从委内瑞拉和玻利维亚到厄瓜多尔和尼加拉瓜，拉丁美洲正在发生明显的民主转变，这是很不平衡的。公众对媒体的访问权是衡量社会运动能够改变权力关系的程度的一种度量。在工人阶级，土著人民，妇女，青年和不同种族群体已经动员并组织组成的议会和其他社会和政治组织的国家中，已经引入了激进民主媒体的政治经济学，传达了其他促进新的文化霸权的国家政策。团结。社会运动造成的破裂时刻引入了新的社会和政治规范，挑战了整个大陆的资本主义文化霸权，在每种情况下，媒体传播与社会力量之间都存在着深厚的联系。公众获得媒体制作和发行的机会是民主公民参与和社会转型的关键指标。那些向21世纪的社会主义和参与式民主迈进了最远的社会也建立了最广泛的民主和参与性媒体系统。这些媒体远远超出了社区和其他媒体形式，成为新兴的霸权话语的核心，倡导社会变革和工人阶​​级力量。尼加拉瓜，玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔的社区媒体展示了激进的政治权力如何能够鼓励大众工人阶级的参与，包括获得和利用大众传播来促进社会变革和社会正义。

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