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Geochemistry of the Precambrian Oils of Eurasia and Australia

机译：欧亚大陆和澳大利亚的前寒武纪油的地球化学

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The Upper Proterozoic oils of the Siberian, East European and Arabian platforms, and the McArthur Basin of Australia all share a number of specific geochemical properties. Investigation of the geo-chemical features of these oils is extremely important for identifying the kitchens of oil and gas generation and assessing the petroleum potential of the Precambrian complexes of ancient platforms. These examined Precambrian oils are enriched in the light carbon isotope ~(12)C and have essentially aliphatic composition dominated by normal alkanes. Based on the composition of aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic biomarker hydrocarbons, all the oils were divided into two groups. The differences between these two groups of oils are related to the specific character of biochemistry of lipids of the oldest prokaryotes and protozoan eukaryotes in individual ecological niches of the Precambrian seas. Oils of the McArthur Basin and those from some basins of the Siberian and East European platforms were assigned to the first group. They are characterized by the absence of 12- and 13-monomethyl-alkanes. Among steranes, St_(27)-St_(29)hydrocarbons are almost in equal concentrations, with some predominance of either cholestane (St_(27)) or ethylcholestane (St_(29)). These oils have low contents of tricyclanes in terpanes. The tricyclane index is much lower than unity. The concentrations of Hh_(31)-Hh_(35)hopanes unvaryingly decrease with the growth of molecular mass. In terms of major characteristics, oils of this group are similar to Phanerozoic marine oils, which are derived from lipids of prokaryotes and protozoan eukaryotes. The second group includes the most widely distributed oils from East Siberia (Baykit, Katanga and Nepa-Botuoba petroleum areas) as well as those from the Arabian Platform (Oman) and some oils from the East European Platform. They are characterized by the presence of 12- and 13-monomethyl-alkanes, the sharp predominance of ethylchol-estanes in sterane distribution, high contents of tricyclanes in terpanes and, frequently, the predominance of Hh_(35) over Hh_(34) homohopanes. Specific features of marine oils of this group are demonstrated by anomalously high concentrations of 12- and 13-monomethylalkanes, ethylcholestanes in steranes, and tricyclanes in terpanes. There are no analogs of oils of this group among the Phanerozoic marine oils. In the Upper Paleozoic and younger complexes, high concentrations of ethylcholestanes in steranes are characteristic of nonmarine oils that were derived from lipids of higher land plants. However, 12- and 13-monomethylalkanes are absent in them. They contain much lower concentrations of tricyclanes and higher concentrations of carbon isotope ~(13)C.
机译：西伯利亚，东欧和阿拉伯平台的上元古代石油以及澳大利亚的麦克阿瑟盆地都具有许多特定的地球化学特性。这些油的地球化学特征的调查对于识别油气的厨房以及评估古代平台的前寒武纪复合物的石油潜力极为重要。这些经过检验的前寒武纪石油富含轻碳同位素〜（12）C，并具有基本上由正构烷烃控制的基本上脂肪族的组成。根据脂族和环脂族生物标志物烃的组成，将所有油分为两组。这两类油之间的差异与前寒武纪海中各个生态位中最古老的原核生物和原生动物真核生物的脂质的生化特性有关。麦克阿瑟盆地的油以及西伯利亚和东欧平台某些盆地的油被划入第一类。它们的特征在于不存在12-和13-单甲基链烷烃。在甾烷中，St_（27）-St_（29）烃的浓度几乎相等，其中胆甾烷（St_（27））或乙基胆甾烷（St_（29））占一定比例。这些油在萜烯中的三环烷含量低。三环烷指数远低于统一指数。 Hh_（31）-Hh_（35）hopanes的浓度随分子量的增加而不变地降低。就主要特征而言，该组油与生代海洋油相似，它们来自原核生物和原生动物真核生物的脂质。第二类包括东西伯利亚（Baykit，Katanga和Nepa-Botuoba石油地区），阿拉伯平台（阿曼）和东欧平台中的某些地区分布最广的石油。它们的特点是存在12-和13-单甲基烷烃，乙基胆甾烷在甾烷中的分布占主导地位，萜烯中三环烷的含量高以及通常Hh_（35）在Hh_（34）同型人中占优势。异常高浓度的12-和13-单甲基烷烃，甾烷中的乙基胆甾烷和萜烯中的三环烷的异常含量证明了该组海洋油的特殊特征。在生代海洋油中没有该类油的类似物。在上古生界和较年轻的复合物中，甾烷中高浓度的乙基胆甾烷是非海洋油的特征，后者是从高等陆生植物的脂质衍生而来的。然而，它们中不存在12-和13-单甲基烷烃。它们含有更低浓度的三环烷和更高浓度的碳同位素〜（13）C。

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