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Geological Overview of Western Canada Oil Sands

机译：加拿大西部油砂地质概况

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摘要

Oil sands in Western Canada are concentrated along structurally updip portions of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). This basin forms the major portion of a large foredeep extending over a thousand miles from the southeastern portion of Yukon into Montana and North Dakota in the northern U.S. As shown in Fig. 3.1, most of the basin, as defined by its fill, lies in Alberta and Saskatchewan, with the deepest part adjacent to the thrust front in southeastern Alberta. A regional cross section through the basin (Fig. 3.1, lower part) indicates that subsidence developed in Paleozoic platform deposits and the resulting depression was filled mainly by Cretaceous sediments. Earliest development of the foredeep took place in the Mid-Late Jurassic, with initial formation of the Rocky Mountain thrust-fold system. Bitumen-bearing deposits are present in areas along the eastern margin of the basin, where the relevant reservoirs outcrop, or exist at shallow depths (< 1,000 m), as well as in structurally uplifted areas associated with the Peace River Arch (Fig. 3.2). Volumetri-cally, the largest oil sands deposits occur where the foreland basin fill is less than 600 m thick.
机译：加拿大西部的油砂集中在加拿大西部沉积盆地（WCSB）的构造上倾部分。该盆地构成了一个大型前坡的主要部分，从育空地区的东南部延伸到美国北部的蒙大拿州和北达科他州，全长一千多英里。如图3.1所示，根据其填充定义，大部分盆地位于艾伯塔省和萨斯喀彻温省，最深的部分与阿尔伯塔省东南部的逆冲锋面相邻。整个盆地的区域横截面（图3.1，下部）表明，在古生代平台沉积物中形成了沉陷，由此产生的凹陷主要由白垩纪沉积物填充。前侏罗纪的最早发展发生在侏罗纪中期，最初形成了落基山逆冲褶皱系统。盆地东部边缘地区存在含沥青的矿床，相关的储层露头，或者存在于浅深度（<1,000 m），以及与和平河拱门相关的结构性隆起地区（图3.2）。 ）。从体积上看，最大的油砂矿床发生在前陆盆地填充物小于600 m的地方。

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