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Coalbed Methane Potential of the Bellingham Basin, Washington

机译：华盛顿贝灵汉盆地的煤层气潜力

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摘要

Coal-bearing sediments greater than 10,000 ft thick occur in the Eocene Huntington Formation and the underlying Paleocene-Eocene Chuckanut Formation in western Washington. Historically, these coals have been mined from the Bellingham area eastward 50 miles to the base of the Cascade Mountains. Mines were classified as "gassy" and major, life-claiming explosions have occurred, especially in the Blue Canyon mine, where 23 miners lost their lives. Coal rank ranges from anthracite to bituminous C to A, with the majority of the coals being high volatile C to B bituminous. Although individual coals vary in thickness from 1-15 ft, the majority of the coals range from 2-4 ft in thickness, with at least three seams being 6-15 ft thick. Aggregate coal thickness over a 120-ft interval is approximately 40-60 ft. Coal thickness, aggregate thickness and coal rank are comparable to economically viable coalbed methane operations in the Raton, Black Warrior and Uinta (Ferron Trend) basins. The coal-bearing Huntington Formation is buried beneath 50-300+ ft of glacial outwash and unconsolidated (recent) fluvial sediments. Folds are known to occur but are difficult to map by surficial methods due to the paucity of outcrops. However, folds can be defined seismically and provide excellent coalbed methane targets. Additional coalbed methane targets are anticipated due to differential compaction of the coal-bearing sediments over major channels, resulting in areas of coal being structurally high. (This is similar to preferred targets in the Powder River Basin.) Gas-bearing shales adjacent to the coals are an additional target in the basin and may add to the total resource. Over 95 old gas wells have been drilled in the Bellingham Basin area and most produced from the gravel-sediment (Huntington or Chuckanut) contact. These wells produced mainly methane with minor nitrogen, attesting to a coalbed source. MTA Re- sources drilled the first coalbed methane test in 1986, targeting shallow coals (less than 2,000 ft) and the adjacent shales and sands. The well was drilled heavily over-balanced, but still had mud log shows in the coals. After a string of production casing was set, the well was sold to American Hunter, which was looking for conventional (and deeper) gas. The coalbed methane potential was never pursued or developed in the MTA Resources well. No deeper (～5,000-7,000 ft) gas was found. Two wells have been drilled in this area for coalbed methane development. One well (EPIC's Ferndale 1A), located six miles north of Bellingham (SW/4 SW/4 26-T.38N-R.2E), was cored and completed and reportedly produced both water and gas prior to being shut in. At the emerging stage of exploration/development, the Bellingham Basin matches up well to several proven coalbed methane basins.
机译：华盛顿西部的始新世亨廷顿组和下古新世-始新世Chuckanut组中，含煤沉积物的厚度超过10,000英尺。从历史上看，这些煤是从贝灵厄姆地区向东50英里处开采到喀斯喀特山脉的山基。矿井被归类为“瓦斯矿”，发生了重大的夺人生命的爆炸，尤其是在蓝峡谷矿，那里有23名矿工丧生。煤的等级范围从无烟煤到烟煤C到A，大多数煤是高挥发性C到B烟煤。尽管单个煤的厚度在1-15英尺之间变化，但大多数煤的厚度在2-4英尺之间，至少三个煤层的厚度在6-15英尺之间。在120英尺的间隔内，煤的总厚度约为40-60英尺。在拉顿，黑武士和Uinta（费隆趋势）盆地中，煤的厚度，骨料厚度和煤阶可与经济上可行的煤层气运营相媲美。含煤亨廷顿组被埋在50-300英尺以上的冰川冲积物和未固结（最近）的河流沉积物之下。已知会出现褶皱，但由于露头很少，因此难以通过表面方法绘制。但是，褶皱可以在地震中定义，并提供出色的煤层气目标。由于主要通道上含煤沉积物的压实程度不同，因此预计还会有更多的煤层气目标，从而导致煤的结构高度。 （这与粉河盆地的优选目标相似。）与煤相邻的含气页岩是该盆地的另一个目标，可能会增加资源总量。在贝灵厄姆盆地地区已钻探了95口以上的老气井，大部分是由砾石沉积物（亨廷顿或Chuckanut）接触而产生的。这些井主要生产甲烷和少量氮，证明是煤层气源。 MTA资源公司在1986年进行了首次煤层气测试，其目标是浅煤（小于2,000英尺）以及邻近的页岩和砂岩。该井的钻头严重失衡，但煤中仍然有录井记录。设置好一系列的生产套管后，该井被卖给了美国的Hunter，后者正在寻找常规的（和更深的）天然气。 MTA Resources井从未追求或开发过煤层气潜力。没有发现更深的气体（约5,000-7,000英尺）。在该地区已钻了两口井，用于开发煤层气。位于贝灵厄姆以北六英里（SW / 4 SW / 4 26-T.38N-R.2E）的一口井（EPIC的Ferndale 1A）已进行了岩心检查和完井，并据称在关闭之前先产生了水和气。贝灵汉盆地是勘探/开发的新兴阶段，与几个已探明的煤层气盆地相匹配。

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