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Generating functional approach for spontaneous coherence in semiconductor electron-hole-photon systems

机译:生成半导体电子-空穴-光子系统自发相干的函数方法

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摘要

Electrons, holes, and photons in semiconductors are interacting fermions and bosons. In this system, a variety of ordered coherent phases can be formed through the spontaneous phase symmetry breaking because of their interactions. The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons and polaritons is one of such coherent phases, which can potentially cross over into the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type ordered phase at high densities under quasiequilibrium conditions, known as the BCS-BEC crossover. In contrast, one can find the semiconductor laser, superfluorescence (SF), and superradiance as relevant phenomena under nonequilibrium conditions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive generating functional theory that yields nonequilibrium Green's functions in a rigorous way. The theory gives us a starting point to discuss these phases in a unified view with a diagrammatic technique. Comprehensible time-dependent equations are derived within the Hartree-Fock approximation, which generalize the Maxwell-semiconductor-Bloch equations under the relaxation time approximation. With the help of this formalism, we clarify the relationship among these cooperative phenomena and we show theoretically that the Fermi-edge SF is directly connected to the e-h BCS phase. We also discuss the emission spectra as well as the gain-absorption spectra.
机译:半导体中的电子,空穴和光子正在相互作用费米子和玻色子。在该系统中,由于它们的相互作用,通过自发的相位对称性破坏可以形成各种有序的相干相。激子和极化子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)是这样的相干相之一,在准平衡条件下,它可以在准平衡条件下以高密度穿越到Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)型有序相中。交叉。相反,在非平衡条件下,人们会发现半导体激光器,超荧光(SF)和超辐射是相关现象。在本文中,我们提出了一种全面的生成泛函理论,该理论严格地产生了非平衡格林函数。该理论为我们提供了以图表技术在统一视图中讨论这些阶段的起点。在Hartree-Fock近似中导出了可理解的时变方程,该方程在松弛时间近似下推广了Maxwell-半导体-Bloch方程。在这种形式主义的帮助下,我们阐明了这些合作现象之间的关系,并从理论上证明了费米边缘SF直接与e-h BCS相连接。我们还将讨论发射光谱以及增益吸收光谱。

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