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Emergent topological properties in interacting one-dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling

机译:具有自旋轨道耦合的一维系统相互作用中的新兴拓扑性质

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We present analysis of a single-channel interacting quantum wire problem in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. The spin-orbit coupling breaks the spin-rotational symmetry from SU(2) to U(1) and breaks inversion symmetry. The low-energy theory is then a two-band model with a difference of Fermi velocities δv. Using bosonization and a two-loop renormalization group procedure, we show that electron-electron interactions can open a gap in the spin sector of the theory when the interaction strength U is smaller than δv in appropriate units. For repulsive interactions, the resulting strong coupling phase is of the spin-density-wave type. We show that this phase has peculiar emergent topological properties. The gapped spin sector behaves as a topological insulator, with zero-energy edge modes with fractional spin. On the other hand, the charge sector remains critical, meaning the entire system is metallic. However, this bulk electron liquid as a whole exhibits properties commonly associated with the one-dimensional edge states of two-dimensional spin Hall insulators, in particular, the conduction of 2e~2/h is robust against nonmagnetic impurities.
机译:我们目前在自旋轨道相互作用的存在下对单通道相互作用量子线问题的分析。自旋轨道耦合破坏了从SU(2)到U(1)的自旋旋转对称性,并破坏了反演对称性。因此,低能理论是费米速度δv不同的两波段模型。使用玻化和两环重归一化组过程,我们表明当相互作用强度U小于δv(在适当的单位中)时,电子-电子相互作用可在理论的自旋扇区中打开一个缺口。对于排斥相互作用,所得的强耦合相为自旋密度波类型。我们表明该阶段具有特殊的紧急拓扑特性。带隙的自旋扇区表现为拓扑绝缘体,零能量边沿模式具有分数自旋。另一方面,电荷扇区仍然很关键,这意味着整个系统都是金属的。然而,该整体电子液体整体上具有通常与二维自旋霍尔绝缘体的一维边缘状态相关的特性,特别是,2e〜2 / h的传导对非磁性杂质具有鲁棒性。

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