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Kelvin waves and the decay of quantum superfluid turbulence

机译：开尔文波和量子超流体湍流的衰减

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We present a comprehensive statistical study of free decay of the quantized vortex tangle in superfluid ~4He at low and ultralow temperatures 0 ≤ T ≤ 1.1 K. Using high-resolution vortex filament simulations with full Biot-Savart vortex dynamics, we show that for ultralow temperatures T approc＜ 0.5 K, when the mutual friction parameters α approcappro=α' 10~(-5), the vortex reconnections excite Kelvin waves with wavelengths X of the order of the intervortex distance ℓ. These excitations cascade down to the resolution scale Δξ which in our simulations is of the order Δ～ℓ/100. At this scale, the Kelvin waves are numerically damped by a line-smoothing procedure, that is supposed to mimic the dissipation of Kelvin waves by phonon and roton emission at the scale of the vortex core. We show that the Kelvin wave cascade is statistically important: the shortest available Kelvin waves at the end of the cascade determine the mean vortex-line curvature S, giving S approc＞ 30/ℓ, and play a major role in the tangle decay at ultralow temperatures below 0.6 K. The found dependence of ℓS on the resolution scale Δξ agrees with the L'vov-Nazarenko energy spectrum of weakly interacting Kelvin waves E_(LN) ∝ k~(-5/3) rather than the spectrum E_(LN) ∝ k~(-1), suggested by Vinen for turbulence of Kelvin waves with large amplitudes. We also show that already at T = 0.8 K, when α and α' are still very low, α - α' approc= 10~(-3), the Kelvin wave cascade is fully damped, vortex lines are very smooth, S approc= 2/ℓ, and the tangle decay is predominantly caused by the mutual friction.
机译：我们提供了一个全面的统计研究，即在0≤T≤1.1 K的低温和超低温下，超流体〜4He中量化涡流缠结的自由衰减。使用具有完整Biot-Savart涡流动力学的高分辨率涡流丝模拟，我们证明了对于超低当温度T approc ＜0.5 K时，当互摩擦参数αapprocappro =α'10〜（-5）时，涡旋重合会激发开尔文波，其波长X约为涡旋距离ℓ。这些激发下降到分辨率尺度Δξ，在我们的模拟中，分辨率尺度为Δ〜ℓ/ 100。在这种尺度下，开尔文波通过线平滑过程在数值上得到衰减，该过程被认为是模仿声子尺度上的声子和ton子发射引起的开尔文波的消散。我们显示开尔文波级联在统计上很重要：级联末端的最短可用开尔文波确定平均涡旋线曲率S，使S approc＞ 30 /ℓ，并在超低缠结衰减中起主要作用温度低于0.6K。发现dependenceS对分辨率尺度Δξ的依赖性与弱相互作用的开尔文波E_（LN）∝ k〜（-5/3）的L'vov-Nazarenko能谱一致，而不是谱E_（LN） ）∝ k〜（-1），由Vinen提出，用于处理大振幅的Kelvin波的湍流。我们还表明，在T = 0.8 K时，当α和α'仍然很低，α-α'approc = 10〜（-3）时，开尔文波级联被完全阻尼，涡旋线非常平滑，S approc = 2 /ℓ，并且缠结衰减主要是由相互摩擦引起的。

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  • 来源
    《Physical review》 |2014年第9期|094501.1-094501.10|共10页
  • 作者

    Luiza Kondaurova; Victor Lvov; Anna Pomyalov; Itamar Procaccia;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;

    Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;

    Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;

    Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;

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