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NbSi nanowire quantum phase-slip circuits: dc supercurrent blockade, microwave measurements, and thermal analysis

机译：NbSi纳米线量子相移电路：直流超电流封锁，微波测量和热分析

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摘要

We present a detailed report of microwave irradiation of ultranarrow superconducting nanowires. In our nanofabricated circuits containing a superconducting NbSi nanowire, a dc blockade of current flow was observed at low temperatures below a critical voltage V_c, a strong indicator of the existence of quantum phase-slip (QPS) in the nanowire. We describe the results of applying microwaves to these samples, using a range of frequencies and both continuous-wave and pulsed drive, in order to search for dual Shapiro steps which would constitute an unambiguous demonstration of quantum phase-slip. We observed no steps, and our subsequent thermal analysis suggests that the electron temperature in the series CrO resistors was significantly elevated above the substrate temperature, resulting in sufficient Johnson noise to wash out the steps. To understand the system and inform future work, we have constructed a numerical model of the dynamics of the circuit for dc and ac bias (both continuous-wave and pulsed drive signals) in the presence of Johnson noise. Using this model, we outline important design considerations for device and measurement parameters which should be used in any future experiment to enable the observation of dual Shapiro steps at experimentally accessible temperatures and, thus, lead to the development of a QPS-based quantum current standard.
机译：我们提出了微波辐射超窄超导纳米线的详细报告。在我们的包含超导NbSi纳米线的纳米加工电路中，在低于临界电压V_c的低温下观察到了电流的dc阻断，这是纳米线中存在量子相移（QPS）的有力指示。我们描述了使用一系列频率，连续波和脉冲驱动对这些样品施加微波的结果，以寻找双夏皮罗步骤，这将构成量子相滑的明确演示。我们没有观察到任何台阶，并且我们的后续热分析表明，串联CrO电阻器中的电子温度显着升高至高于衬底温度，从而产生了足够的约翰逊噪声，可以冲走台阶。为了了解系统并为将来的工作提供参考，我们在存在约翰逊噪声的情况下构建了直流和交流偏置（连续波和脉冲驱动信号）的电路动力学数值模型。使用该模型，我们概述了设备和测量参数的重要设计注意事项，这些要素应在以后的任何实验中使用，以便能够在实验可达到的温度下观察双Shapiro步骤，从而开发出基于QPS的量子电流标准。

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