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Kinetics of two-dimensional island nucleation on reconstructed surfaces

机译：重构表面上二维岛状形核的动力学

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摘要

Nucleation of two-dimensional (2D) islands on reconstructed surfaces might involve formation of metastable nonepitaxial clusters as precursors for 2D islands. Being a thermally activated process the transformation of nonepitaxial clusters to epitaxial 2D islands might become a rate limiting step of the nucleation process at low deposition temperatures leading to substantial accumulation of the depositing atoms in nonepitaxial clusters. In the present paper, we study how slow cluster transformation influences the nucleation kinetics. For a simple model case of metastable nonepitaxial dimers and irreversible adatom incorporation into the epitaxial 2D islands, we analyze possible nucleation regimes and derive scaling relations for the density of stable 2D islands. We show that the 2D island density depends strongly on the cluster transformation rate as well as on the atomic mechanism of the dimer transformation. In particular, a steady-state nucleation regime different from the standard diffusion-mediated aggregation is possible if the transformation of a nonepitaxial dimer to the smallest epitaxial 2D island is triggered by attachment of an additional adatom. In this regime, the 2D island density obeys a nonstandard scaling N ～ (F/D)~(1/4). Deposition conditions where this nonstandard scaling could be observed are determined.
机译：重建表面上的二维（2D）岛形核可能涉及形成亚稳非外延簇作为2D岛的前体。作为热激活过程，非外延簇向外延二维岛的转变可能成为低沉积温度下成核过程的速率限制步骤，从而导致沉积原子在非外延簇中大量积累。在本文中，我们研究了缓慢的团簇转变如何影响成核动力学。对于亚稳态非外延二聚体和不可逆的原子掺入外延二维岛的简单模型案例，我们分析了可能的成核机制并得出了稳定二维岛密度的比例关系。我们表明，二维岛密度在很大程度上取决于簇的转化率以及二聚体转化的原子机理。尤其是，如果非外延二聚体向最小外延2D岛的转化是通过附加原子附着而引发的，则不同于标准扩散介导的聚集的稳态成核机制是可能的。在这种情况下，二维岛密度服从非标准比例N〜（F / D）〜（1/4）。确定可以观察到这种非标准结垢的沉积条件。

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