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Coherence and decoherence of a polariton condensate

机译：极化子冷凝物的相干和退相干

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摘要

We formulate a Langevin-Gross-Pitaevski equation for spatially homogeneous systems together with the semiclassical Boltzmann equations for the excited states of polaritons in a microcavity. The gain of the coherent amplitude is due to the polariton-polariton scattering from the excited states to the ground state and has been obtained by an adiabatic elimination the corresponding three-point polarization. The Langevin-Gross-Pitaevski equation contains in addition to the gain the cavity losses as well as the fluctuations from the cavity losses and from the eliminated polarization. In analogy to the semiconductor laser theory the homogeneously broadened linewidth of the condensate amplitude can be evaluated analytically above threshold using the dissipation-fluctuation theorem. A linewidth enhancement is found because of the changes in the dispersive part of the gain function with the number of excited states and of the blueshift of the ground state. The latter mechanism causes well above threshold the homogeneously broadened linewidth to increase again after a remarkably narrow linewidth is reached. This decoherence mechanisms is inherent to all nonequilibrium condensates due to the Gross-Pitaevski nonlinearity and the fluctuations of the condensate population.
机译：我们为空间均匀系统制定了Langevin-Gross-Pitaevski方程，并针对微腔中极化子的激发态制定了半经典的Boltzmann方程。相干幅度的增益归因于从激发态到基态的极化子-极化子散射，并且已经通过绝热消除获得了相应的三点极化而获得。 Langevin-Gross-Pitaevski方程除包含增益外，还包含腔损耗以及来自腔损耗和消除的极化的波动。与半导体激光理论类似，可以使用耗散-波动定理在高于阈值的情况下分析地评估凝结幅度均匀扩大的线宽。发现线宽增强是由于增益函数的色散部分随激发态数量和基态的蓝移而变化。后一种机制使远远超过阈值的均匀加宽的线宽在达到非常窄的线宽之后再次增加。由于Gross-Pitaevski非线性和冷凝物总体的波动，这种非相干机制是所有非平衡冷凝物所固有的。

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