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Thouless and relaxation time scales in many-body quantum systems

机译:多体量子系统中的无时间和弛豫时间标度

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A major open question in studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is the identification of the time scales involved in the relaxation process of isolated quantum systems that have many interacting particles. We demonstrate that long time scales can be analytically found by analyzing dynamical manifestations of spectral correlations. Using this approach, we show that the Thouless time t(Th) and the relaxation time t(R) increase exponentially with system size. We define t(Th) as the time at which the spread of the initial state in the many-body Hilbert space is complete and verify that it agrees with the inverse of the Thouless energy. t(Th) marks the point beyond which the dynamics acquire universal features, while relaxation happens later when the evolution reaches a stationary state. In chaotic systems, t(Th ) t(R), while for systems approaching a many-body localized phase, t(Th) - t(R). Our analytical results for t(Th) and t(R) are obtained for the survival probability, which is a global quantity. We show numerically that the same time scales appear also in the evolution of the spin autocorrelation function, which is an experimental local observable. Our studies are carried out for realistic many-body quantum models. The results are compared with those for random matrices.
机译:在非平衡量子动力​​学研究中,一个主要的开放性问题是确定与具有许多相互作用粒子的孤立量子系统的弛豫过程有关的时间尺度。我们证明可以通过分析频谱相关性的动态表现来分析地找到长时间尺度。使用这种方法,我们表明,Thouless时间t(Th)和弛豫时间t(R)随系统大小呈指数增长。我们将t(Th)定义为初始状态在多体Hilbert空间中完成扩散的时间,并验证其与Thouless能量的倒数相符。 t(Th)标记了动力学获得通用特征的范围,而松弛在演化达到平稳状态时发生。在混沌系统中,t(Th) t(R),而对于接近多体局部相位的系统,t(Th)-> t(R)。我们获得的t(Th)和t(R)的分析结果是针对生存概率的,它是一个整体量。我们用数字显示,相同的时标也出现在自旋自相关函数的演化中,这是一个实验性的局部观测结果。我们的研究是针对现实的多体量子模型进行的。将结果与随机矩阵的结果进行比较。

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  • 来源
    《Physical review》 |2019年第17期|174313.1-174313.13|共13页
  • 作者单位

    Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA;

    Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Apt Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico;

    Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA;

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