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首页> 外文期刊>Physical review >Gauge-invariant microscopic kinetic theory of superconductivity: Application to the optical response of Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs modes
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Gauge-invariant microscopic kinetic theory of superconductivity: Application to the optical response of Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs modes

机译：规格 - 不变的超导性微观动力学理论：应用于Nambu-goldstone和Higgs模式的光学响应

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摘要

We show that the gauge-invariant kinetic equation of superconductivity provides an efficient approach to study the electromagnetic response of the gapless Nambu-Goldstone and gapful Higgs modes on an equal footing. We prove that the Fock energy in the kinetic equation is equivalent to the generalized Ward's identity. Hence, the gauge invariance directly leads to the charge conservation. Both linear and second-order optical responses are analytically investigated. The linear response of the Higgs mode vanishes in the long-wave limit, whereas the linear response of the Nambu-Goldstone mode interacts with the long-range Coulomb interaction, causing the original gapless energy spectrum effectively lifted up to the plasma frequency as a result of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism, consistent with previous work. The second-order response exhibits interesting physics. On the one hand, a finite second-order optical response of the Higgs mode is obtained in the long-wave limit. We reveal that this response, which has been experimentally observed, is attributed solely to the drive effect rather than the widely considered Anderson-pump effect. On the other hand, the second-order optical response of the Nambu-Goldstone mode, free from the influence of the long-range Coulomb interaction and hence the Anderson-Higgs mechanism, is predicted. We find that both Anderson-pump and drive effects play important role in this response. A tentative scheme to detect this second-order response is proposed.
机译：我们表明超导性的仪表不变动力学方程提供了一种有效的方法来研究无间隙Nambu-goldstone和Gapful Higgs模式的电磁响应在等台上。我们证明动力学方程中的灌注能量相当于广义病房的身份。因此，仪表不变性直接导致电荷保存。分析线性和二阶光学响应都进行了分析研究。 HIGGS模式的线性响应在长波极限中消失，而Nambu-Grondstone模式的线性响应与远程库仑相互作用相互作用，导致原始无效能量谱有效地提升到等离子体频率安德森 - 希格斯机制，与以前的工作一致。二阶响应呈现有趣的物理。一方面，在长波极限中获得HIGGS模式的有限二阶光学响应。我们揭示了已经通过实验观察的这种反应，仅归因于驱动效果，而不是广泛考虑的安德森泵效应。另一方面，预测了Nambu-Goldstone模式的二阶光学响应，没有从远程库仑相互作用的影响，因此是Anderson-Higgs机制的影响。我们发现Anderson-泵和驱动效果都在这种反应中发挥着重要作用。提出了一种检测该二阶响应的暂定方案。

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  • 来源
    《Physical review》 |2019年第10期|104513.1-104513.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Yang E.; Wu M. W.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale Dept Phys Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China;

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