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首页> 外文期刊>Physics and Chemistry of the Earth >Can local people also gain from benefit sharing in water resources development? Experiences from dam development in the Orange-Senqu River Basin
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Can local people also gain from benefit sharing in water resources development? Experiences from dam development in the Orange-Senqu River Basin

机译：当地人民还能从水资源开发的利益共享中受益吗？奥兰治-森曲河流域大坝开发的经验

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摘要

The concept of sharing benefits derived from beneficial uses of water is increasingly embraced in numerous international discourses in place of sharing water in volumes among nations riparian to common water bodies. Many benefit-sharing efforts involve building of dams and inter-basin transfer schemes. These infrastructures have been blamed to be posing environmental and social costs and directly affecting local people (Gupta and van der Zaag, 2007) [Gupta, J., van der Zaag, P., 2007. Inter-basin water transfers and integrated water resources management: Where engineering, science and politics interlock. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth doi:10.1016/ j.pce.2007.04.003]. This paper attempts to find attributes that lead towards recognising the rights of affected people and the mechanisms that may ensure access of direct benefits to them.rnFour theoretical factors are identified as key in recognising the rights of the affected people and were adopted as the analytical framework: a. Appropriate legal and policy framework, b. Public participation, c. Sustainable compensation measures, and d. Equitable access of derived benefits. In order to complement these theoretical factors, the study compared two large water development projects in the Orange-Senqu river basin: the Orange River Development Project and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. In both projects, several large dams were constructed and water was transferred from one river into another.rnThe following are the findings of the paper: a) the political environment through the legal and institutional framework plays a major role in protecting or marginalising the affected people; b) compensation measures for lost properties left many affected people destitute and food insecure; c) affected people mainly benefited from the indirect benefits of the projects instead of direct benefits. In order to ensure access to direct benefits for the affected people it is recommended that a) the national legislation must support the concept, b) mechanisms for allocating benefits to the affected people must be defined at project planning stage and should aim at long-term development goals, and c) local authorities must have sufficient capacity to ensure smooth operation.
机译：在许多国际讨论中，越来越多地采用了分享水资源有益利用的利益共享的概念，而不是在沿岸水域的国家之间共享共同的水体。许多利益分享工作涉及修建水坝和流域间转移计划。这些基础设施被指责造成环境和社会成本，并直接影响当地人民（Gupta和van der Zaag，2007年）[Gupta，J.，van der Zaag，P.，2007年。流域间的水资源转移和综合水资源管理：工程，科学和政治相互联系的地方。地球物理与化学doi：10.1016 / j.pce.2007.04.003]。本文试图找到导致承认受影响人的权利的属性以及可以确保他们获得直接利益的机制。rn确定了四个理论因素是承认受影响人权利的关键，并被用作分析框架： 一个。适当的法律和政策框架； b。公众参与，c。可持续的补偿措施； d。公平获得衍生利益。为了补充这些理论因素，该研究比较了奥兰治-森曲河流域的两个大型水开发项目：奥兰治河开发项目和莱索托高地水项目。在这两个项目中，都建造了数座大坝，水从一条河流转移到另一条河流。以下是本文的发现：a）通过法律和制度框架的政治环境在保护或边缘化受影响的人们方面起着重要作用。 ; b）对财产损失的补偿措施使许多受影响的人陷入贫困，粮食不安全； c）受影响的人主要受益于项目的间接收益，而不是直接收益。为了确保受影响人群获得直接利益，建议a）国家立法必须支持该概念，b）必须在项目规划阶段定义向受影响人群分配利益的机制，并且应以长期为目标发展目标； c）地方当局必须有足够的能力来确保平稳运行。

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