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Assessing nutrient losses with soil erosion under different tillage systems and their implications on water quality

机译：评估不同耕作制度下土壤侵蚀造成的养分流失及其对水质的影响

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An increased public perception of the role of agriculture in non-point source pollution has stimulated the need for information on the effect of conventional and sustainable agricultural management systems on water quality. While information on run-off and soil erosion is readily available in Zimbabwe, there is dearth of knowledge on the relative losses of nutrients as a result of soil erosion and their effect on water quality. This study sought to quantify the amount of nutrients lost as a result of soil erosion and thus enable conclusions to be drawn on the implications on water quality. Research work was carried out in the semi-arid region of Zimbabwe under granite-derived, inherently infertile sandy soils. Soil erosion was quantified under three tillage systems conventional tillage (CT); mulch ripping (MR); tied ridging (TR) over three years. Run-off and sediments were analysed for N, P and K. The results showed that N and K losses were significantly higher (p < 0.001) under CT (15.8 and 34.5 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1), respectively) compared to the MR (2.3 and 0.6 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1), respectively) and TR (2.7 and 4.3 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1), respectively). Due to the immobility of P and its small quantities in these soils, P losses were also low across all treatments (< 1 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1)), however CT had significantly higher losses (p < 0.001). The study showed that CT results in high losses of nutrients, which would in turn reduce the quality of surface waters, due to high nutrient concentrations of especially, N, which stimulates the growth of algae and other aquatic weeds. The gravity of the situation would be higher, where soils are more fertile. MR and TR were efficient in reducing soil erosion and thus nutrient losses with run-off and sediments. Pollution of surface water sources can be greatly reduced if conservation tillage systems are used.
机译：公众对农业在面源污染中的作用的认识日益增强，这激发了对有关常规和可持续农业管理系统对水质影响的信息的需求。尽管津巴布韦可以随时获得径流和水土流失的信息，但缺乏关于水土流失造成的养分相对损失及其对水质影响的知识。这项研究试图量化由于土壤侵蚀而流失的养分的数量，从而可以得出对水质影响的结论。研究工作是在津巴布韦的半干旱地区，花岗岩为天然贫瘠的沙质土壤。在三种耕作系统常规耕作下对土壤侵蚀进行了定量；覆盖撕裂（MR）;并列搭桥（TR）超过三年。分析了径流和沉积物中的N，P和K。结果表明，在CT（15.8和34.5 kg ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1）下，N和K的损失显着更高（p <0.001），分别与MR（分别为2.3和0.6 kg ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1）和MR（分别为2.7和4.3 kg ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1））比较。由于这些土壤中磷的固定性和少量，所有处理中磷的损失也很低（<1 kg ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1）），而CT的损失却更高（p <0.001 ）。研究表明，CT会导致大量养分流失，由于养分特别是N的浓度高，刺激藻类和其他水生杂草的生长，从而降低地表水的质量。这种情况的严重性会更高，那里的土壤更肥沃。 MR和TR可以有效减少土壤侵蚀，从而减少营养物质随径流和沉积物的流失。如果使用保护性耕作系统，可以大大减少地表水的污染。

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