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首页> 外文期刊>Physics and Chemistry of the Earth >The economics of irrigated paddy in Usangu Basin in Tanzania: water utilization, productivity, income and livelihood implications
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The economics of irrigated paddy in Usangu Basin in Tanzania: water utilization, productivity, income and livelihood implications

机译：坦桑尼亚乌桑古盆地的灌溉稻田经济学：水资源利用，生产力，收入和生计影响

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摘要

Globally, there is a general lack of consensus on how the available water resources can be allocated efficiently and equitably among its competing uses. In irrigated agriculture, this decodes to the central question of how this sector can be balanced in the manner that it produces more 'crops per drop' using less water and releasing adequate water for use by other sectors while concurrently enhancing rural income and livelihoods. This requires that the values and costs of irrigated agriculture, at all levels, are well understood and appropriate interventions made. Based on this ground, this paper presents an economic analysis of the value of irrigated paddy in Usangu basin. It attempts to answer the question of what will be the effects if farmers in Usangu stop producing irrigated paddy. The analysis shows that: (a) about 576mm(3) of water-currently consumed in paddy irrigation, or 345.6mm(3)- traded inter-regionally as "virtual water" would be utilized in alternative ways, either as evaporation from seasonal swamps within the basin or made available for other intersectoral uses, (b) there will be a shrinkage in the annual paddy supply (both at the local and national levels) of about 105,000t of paddy (66,000t of rice)-equivalent to 14.4% of the total annual paddy production in Tanzania, (c) an opportunity cost of about US
机译：在全球范围内，对于如何有效，公平地分配其竞争用途之间的可用水资源普遍缺乏共识。在灌溉农业中，这解释了一个中心问题，即如何以较少的水生产更多的“每滴作物”并释放足够的水供其他部门使用，同时增加农村收入和生计的方式来平衡该部门。这就要求充分理解各级灌溉农业的价值和成本，并采取适当的干预措施。在此基础上，本文对乌桑古盆地的灌溉稻田价值进行了经济分析。它试图回答如果乌桑古的农民停止生产灌溉稻谷会产生什么影响的问题。分析表明：（a）在稻田灌溉中当前消耗的水约576mm（3），或在区域间交易为“虚拟水”的345.6mm（3），将以替代方式利用，或者作为季节性蒸发流域内的沼泽或可供其他部门间使用的沼泽；（b）每年的稻谷供应量（地方和国家水平）将减少约105,000吨稻谷（66,000吨大米），相当于14.4吨坦桑尼亚每年稻谷总产量的百分比，（c）大约US的机会成本

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