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Mapping and dating based evolution studies of the Niger Vallis outflow channel, Mars

机译：尼日尔瓦利斯流出通道火星的制图和测年演化研究

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Niger Vallis is one of the four large outflow channel systems in the eastern Hellas rim region of Mars. Niger, as well as the other nearby valles, is assumed to have been carved by water and later covered by ice-rich deposits. Thus, it plays a significant role both in the fluvial and glacial evolution of the region. This work presents the photogeological mapping and crater count dating results of the Niger Vallis system achieved based on the images of the ConTeXt (CTX) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) cameras of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The results show that Niger Vallis formed in at least two stages. The southern branch of Niger Vallis originated from Ausonia Cavus, similar to 3.7-3.9 Ga ago, whereas the northern branch formed from Peraea Cavus, similar to 3.3-3.4 Ga ago. Both of the time scales correspond to the volcanic activity phases of the nearby highland volcanoes of Tyrrhenus and Hadriacus Montes. The fluvial activity of Niger Vallis was not, however, as intense as the activity of the other nearby outflow channels, and it seems to have weakened soon after the formation of the northern branch. The outflow channel was resurfaced again similar to 0.9-1.5 Ga ago, probably by regional fluvial activity. After that, the floor of Niger Vallis was covered by lineated valley fills and corresponding ice-rich deposits, the formation of which ended similar to 220-470 Ma ago, or not later than 110 Ma ago. Although the origin of the deposits was probably related to contemporary climate conditions, the emplacement of some deposits, or even their formation, may have been contributed by impact events. After lineated valley fill formation, the region was resurfaced several times, probably because of changes in regional climatic or endogenic circumstances.
机译：尼日尔·瓦利斯（Niger Vallis）是火星海拉斯东部边缘地区的四个大型流出通道系统之一。尼日尔以及附近的其他山谷都被认为是被水雕成的，后来被富含冰的沉积物所覆盖。因此，它在该地区的河流和冰川演化中都起着重要作用。这项工作展示了基于火星侦察轨道器（MRO）的ConTeXt（CTX）和高分辨率成像科学实验（HiRISE）摄像机的图像获得的尼日尔Vallis系统的光学地质图和陨石坑定年结果。结果表明，尼日尔·瓦利斯（Niger Vallis）至少分两个阶段形成。 Niger Vallis的南部分支起源于Ausonia Cavus，类似于3.7-3.9 Ga以前，而北部分支则来自Peraea Cavus，类似于3.3-3.4 Ga之前。这两个时间尺度都与附近的第勒尼乌斯山和Hadriacus Montes高地火山的火山活动阶段相对应。但是，尼日尔·瓦利斯的河流活动不如附近其他流出水道的活动活跃，并且在北部分支形成后不久似乎减弱了。流出通道再次像0.9-1.5 Ga之前重新出现，可能是由于区域河流活动所致。之后，尼日尔瓦利斯（Niger Vallis）的地面被带衬线的山谷填充物和相应的富含冰的沉积物覆盖，沉积物的形成类似于220-470 Ma之前，或不晚于110 Ma之前。尽管矿床的起源可能与当代气候条件有关，但某些矿床的位置甚至其形成可能是由于撞击事件造成的。在形成线形的山谷填充物之后，该区域几次被重铺表面，这可能是由于区域气候或内生环境的变化所致。

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