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Improved detection of tides at Europa with radiometric and optical tracking during flybys

机译：飞购期间通过辐射和光学跟踪改进了欧罗巴游乐设施的检测

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摘要

Due to its eccentric orbit about Jupiter, Europa experiences periodic tidal deformation, which causes changes in its gravitational field and induces both radial and transverse displacements of the surface. The amplitude and phase of these tidal changes are diagnostic of internal structure, and can be measured with sufficient radiometric and optical tracking of a spacecraft during a series of flyby encounters with Europa This paper presents results of the simulated accuracy for recovery of the tides of Europa through measuring the second-degree tidal Love numbers k(2), h(2), and l(2). A reference trajectory, which consists of a total of 45 close flybys, was considered and a detailed covariance analysis was performed. The study was based on Earth-based Doppler tracking during +/- 2 h of each periapsis passage and surface imaging data taken below 500 km altitude. The result shows that the formal uncertainty of the second-degree tidal Love numbers can be estimated to be sigma(k2) = 0.01, sigma(h2) = 0.02, and sigma(l2) = 0.01, which is sufficient to constrain the global ice thickness to about 10 km under reasonable assumptions. Moreover, the forced librations of Europa can be measured to 0.3" accuracy, which can further constrain Europa's interior structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：由于木卫二围绕木星的偏心轨道，欧罗巴经历了周期性的潮汐变形，这导致其引力场发生变化，并引起了表面的径向和横向位移。这些潮汐变化的幅度和相位可以诊断内部结构，并且可以在与欧罗巴进行一系列飞越相遇期间，通过对航天器进行足够的辐射和光学跟踪来进行测量。通过测量二度潮汐爱数k（2），h（2）和l（2）。考虑了由总共45个近距离飞越构成的参考轨迹，并进行了详细的协方差分析。这项研究基于在每次根尖周通行+/- 2小时内基于地球的多普勒跟踪以及在500 km高度以下获取的表面成像数据。结果表明，二度潮汐Love数的形式不确定性可以估计为sigma（k2）= 0.01，sigma（h2）= 0.02和sigma（l2）= 0.01，这足以约束全局冰在合理的假设下，其厚度约为10 km。此外，欧罗巴的强制释放可以测量到0.3英寸的精度，这可以进一步限制欧罗巴的内部结构。（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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