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首页> 外文期刊>Planetary and space science >Sunrise-driven movements of dust on the Moon: Apollo 12 Ground-truth measurements
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Sunrise-driven movements of dust on the Moon: Apollo 12 Ground-truth measurements

机译：日出驱动的月球尘埃运动：Apollo 12地面真相测量

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The first sunrise after Apollo 12 astronauts left the Moon caused dust storms across the site where rocket exhausts had disrupted about 2000 kg of smooth fine dust. The next few sunrises started progressively weaker dust storms, and the Eastern horizon brightened, adding to direct sunlight for half an hour. These Ground truth measurements were made 100 cm above the surface by the 270 g Apollo 12 Dust Detector Experiment we invented in 1966. Dust deposited on the horizontal solar cell during two lunar days after the first sunrise was almost 30% of the total it then measured over 6 years. The vertical east-facing solar cell measured horizon brightening on 14 of the first 17 lunations, with none detected on the following 61 Lunar Days. Based on over 2 million such measurements we propose a new qualitative model of sunrise-driven transport of individual dust particles freed by Apollo 12 activities from strong particle-to-particle cohesive forces. Each sunrise caused sudden surface charging which, during the first few hours, freshly mobilised and lofted the dust remaining free, microscopically smoothing the disrupted local areas. Evidence of reliability of measurements includes consistency among all 6 sensors in measurements throughout an eclipse. We caution Google Lunar XPrize competitors and others planning missions to the Moon and large airless asteroids that, after a spacecraft lands, dust hazards may occur after each of the first few sunrises. Mechanical problems in its first such period stranded Chinese lunar rover Yutu in 2014, although we would not claim yet that the causes were dust. On the other hand, sunrise-driven microscopic smoothing of disturbed areas may offer regular natural mitigations of dust consequences of mining lunar resources and reduce fears that many expeditions might cause excessive fine dust globally around the Moon. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：阿波罗12号宇航员离开月球后的第一个日出在整个站点造成了沙尘暴，那里的火箭废气扰乱了大约2000公斤光滑的细尘。接下来的几个日出开始逐渐减弱沙尘暴，东部地平线变亮，增加了半个小时的直射阳光。这些地面真相测量值是由我们在1966年发明的270 g Apollo 12尘埃探测器实验在表面上方100 cm处进行的。第一次日出后的两个阴历日，沉积在水平太阳能电池上的灰尘几乎占总灰尘的30％，然后进行测量超过6年。垂直朝东的太阳能电池在前17个弯曲中的14个弯曲处测量了地平线变亮，在随后的61个阴历日未检测到。基于超过200万次这样的测量，我们提出了一个新的定性模型，该模型以日出驱动的方式传播由Apollo 12活动从强大的粒子间粒子凝聚力中释放出来的单个尘埃粒子。每次日出都会引起突然的表面带电，在最初的几个小时内，这些带动了新的动员，并清除了残留的自由尘埃，从而在微观上平滑了受干扰的局部区域。测量可靠性的证据包括整个日食中所有6个传感器之间的一致性。我们提醒Google Lunar XPrize竞争对手和其他计划向月球及大型无气小行星飞行的人，在航天器着陆后的头几次日出之后，可能会发生粉尘危害。 2014年，中国月球漫游车“玉兔”（Yutu）处于第一个此类阶段的机械故障中，尽管我们尚不能断定原因是灰尘。另一方面，由日出驱动的受干扰区域的微观平整可以定期自然缓解因开采月球资源而带来的粉尘后果，并减少了人们对许多探险活动可能在月球周围造成过多细粉尘的担忧。 （C）2015年由Elsevier Ltd.出版

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